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Questions and Answers
Which type of breath sound is characterized as loud and high-pitched, found specifically over the trachea and major bronchi?
Which type of breath sound is characterized as loud and high-pitched, found specifically over the trachea and major bronchi?
What type of adventitious breath sound is described as intermittent, rattling, and heard during inspiration due to increased moisture?
What type of adventitious breath sound is described as intermittent, rattling, and heard during inspiration due to increased moisture?
Which percussion sound would you expect to elicit over the precordium?
Which percussion sound would you expect to elicit over the precordium?
What is the normal AP-to-lateral chest ratio in adults?
What is the normal AP-to-lateral chest ratio in adults?
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Which respiratory pattern is characterized by alternating periods of hyperventilation and apnea?
Which respiratory pattern is characterized by alternating periods of hyperventilation and apnea?
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Which type of breath sound is described as a high-pitched, whistling sound associated with narrowed small airways?
Which type of breath sound is described as a high-pitched, whistling sound associated with narrowed small airways?
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Which assessment technique involves feeling for abnormalities such as tenderness and crepitus?
Which assessment technique involves feeling for abnormalities such as tenderness and crepitus?
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What is considered a medical emergency when assessing breath sounds?
What is considered a medical emergency when assessing breath sounds?
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Which anatomical landmark is used to assess symmetric respiratory excursion during palpation?
Which anatomical landmark is used to assess symmetric respiratory excursion during palpation?
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What does 'crepitus' during palpation of the chest indicate?
What does 'crepitus' during palpation of the chest indicate?
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What finding during percussion indicates a solid or fluid-filled area in the lung?
What finding during percussion indicates a solid or fluid-filled area in the lung?
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What does an increased vocal fremitus suggest?
What does an increased vocal fremitus suggest?
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A patient is sitting forward, supporting themselves with their arms. What is this position called, and what does it suggest?
A patient is sitting forward, supporting themselves with their arms. What is this position called, and what does it suggest?
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What does a barrel chest typically indicate?
What does a barrel chest typically indicate?
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During the preliminary assessment, which of the following respiratory rates would be considered normal for a relaxed adult?
During the preliminary assessment, which of the following respiratory rates would be considered normal for a relaxed adult?
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What does the term 'pectus excavatum' refer to when inspecting the anterior chest?
What does the term 'pectus excavatum' refer to when inspecting the anterior chest?
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Flashcards
Suprasternal notch
Suprasternal notch
A prominent indentation at the top of the sternum.
Tripod position
Tripod position
A stance where a patient leans forward, supporting themselves with their arms.
Kyphosis
Kyphosis
An exaggerated backward curve of the thoracic spine.
Pectus excavatum
Pectus excavatum
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Vocal fremitus
Vocal fremitus
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Resonance
Resonance
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Auscultation
Auscultation
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Pulse oximetry
Pulse oximetry
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Bronchial/Tracheal Sounds
Bronchial/Tracheal Sounds
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Bronchovesicular Sounds
Bronchovesicular Sounds
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Vesicular Sounds
Vesicular Sounds
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Crackles (Rales)
Crackles (Rales)
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Wheezes
Wheezes
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Rhonchi
Rhonchi
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Pleural Friction Rub
Pleural Friction Rub
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Stridor
Stridor
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Study Notes
Respiratory Assessment (NUR 310)
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Anterior Anatomy Landmarks: Suprasternal notch/clavicle, 5th rib, xiphoid process
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Posterior Anatomy Landmarks: Cervicothoracic junction, T9-T10
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Preliminary Assessment: Assess for distress (sweating, strained look, noisy breathing), position/work of breathing (tripod, retractions, accessory muscles), level of consciousness (anxious/agitated/confused), signs of hypoxia (skin color, pallor, cyanosis), respiratory rate (even, smooth, silent, 12-20), pulse oximetry (greater than or equal to 95%)
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Inspection: Assess slope of ribs (downward 45° may indicate emphysema), bilateral chest wall expansion (uneven may indicate trauma), barrel chest (rounded), kyphosis (exaggerated posterior curve of the thoracic spine), lordosis (inward curvature of the lumbar spine), pectus excavatum ("funnel chest"), pectus carinatum ("pigeon breast"), scoliosis (lateral S-shaped curvature of the thoracic & lumbar spine)
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Palpation: Assess for tenderness, masses, sinus tracts (passages under skin filled with fluid or air), crepitus (air escaped from lung to SQ tissue), symmetric respiratory excursion, vocal or tactile fremitus (palmar surface of hand, best between scapulae, increased with compression/consolidation of lung tissue, decreased with obstructions).
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Percussion: Assess for sounds; resonance (air-filled space, loud, low pitch), dull (solid/fluid filled, tumor/pneumonia/effusion/atelectasis), hyperresonance (over-inflated alveoli, high-pitched). Technique: Don't hold percussion hammer like a hammer! Use a slight wrist movement.
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Auscultation Sequence: Let patient breathe at their own rate, assess side-to-side, moving down ICS.
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Types of Breath Sounds: Bronchial/Tracheal (loud, high-pitched, anterior only), Bronchovesicular (moderate pitch, between scapulae and one side of the sternum in 1st & 2nd ICS), Vesicular (soft, low-pitched, periphery), decreased/absent (bronchial tree obstructed)
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Adventitious Breath Sounds: Crackles (rales): intermittent rattling, popping, bubbling, usually on inspiration(fine-soft, high-pitched, coarse-louder, lower pitch); wheezes (high-pitched, whistling, narrowed small airway, inspiration or expiration); rhonchi (continuous, coarse, snoring, louder/lower than crackles, narrowed larger airways, inspiration, expiration, may clear with coughing); pleural friction rub (crackling/grating, inspiration & expiration), stridor (MEDICAL EMERGENCY, high-pitched, loud, caused by obstruction of upper airway, heard on inspiration)
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Anterior Assessment: (Page 13) Inspect respiratory rate & rhythm (tachypnea, bradypnea, apnea, hypernea, hyperventilation, Cheyne-Stokes, ataxic, Kussmaul's), costal angle (less than or equal to 90 degrees), AP-to-lateral ratio (about 1:2, increased in older adult, increased in barrel chest, increased in pectus carinatum)
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Additional: Palpation (page 14) areas to check for tenderness, masses, sinus tracts, crepitus, Percussion (page 15) technique, sound characteristics for the precordium (dullness), Auscultation (page 16) displacing breast tissue to listen directly to the chest wall, anterior areas to listen for bronchial/tracheal, bronchovesicular, & vesicular sounds
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Description
Test your knowledge on respiratory assessment techniques focusing on anatomical landmarks, inspection, and preliminary assessment criteria. This quiz covers critical aspects of nursing related to evaluating respiratory health and identifying potential issues. Challenge yourself to understand the nuances of respiratory assessment as taught in NUR 310.
