23.8 Breathing Rate and Homeostasis
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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe breathing that is either too slow or too shallow to meet the body's metabolic needs?

  • Hyperpnea
  • Bradypnea (correct)
  • Hyperventilation
  • Tachypnea

    • Which of the following conditions may interfere with pulmonary gas exchange leading to hypoventilation?

  • Oxygen-rich environment
  • Regular physical exercise
  • Obesity (correct)
  • Asthma

    • What is the term for a decrease in oxygen levels in the blood, resulting from lower amounts of oxygen diffusing into the blood?

  • Hypoxemia (correct)
  • Hyperoxia
  • Hypercapnia
  • Hypocapnia

    • What happens to blood Pco2 levels during hypoventilation?

    <p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insufficient oxygen delivery to systemic cells due to low blood oxygen levels may result in a decrease in what process?

    <p>Aerobic cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to pH levels when there is a high blood Pco2 due to hypoventilation?

    <p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to Po2 levels in the alveoli during hyperventilation?

    <p>They increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of the increased Pco2 gradient during hyperventilation?

    <p>More carbon dioxide leaves the blood to enter the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition called when arterial blood Pco2 decreases below normal levels?

    <p>Hypocapnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of low arterial blood Pco2 on systemic blood vessels?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an ironic result of hyperventilation?

    <p>Decreased oxygen delivery to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may result if the body's buffering capacity is exceeded during hyperventilation?

    <p>Respiratory alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Hypoventilation leading to an increase in blood Pco2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of insufficient blood Po2 or increased blood Pco2?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if hypoventilation is prolonged?

    <p>It may lead to convulsions and unconsciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does blood Pco2 change if an individual is hyperventilating?

    <p>Blood Pco2 decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to oxygen delivery to the brain during hypoventilation?

    <p>Oxygen delivery to the brain decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the accumulation of CO2 in the blood stimulates chemoreceptors?

    <p>It initiates inspiration before or after loss of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rhythmic pressure change during breathing referred to as?

    <p>Respiratory pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hyperventilation affect venous return of blood and lymph?

    <p>Increases it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between hyperpnea and hyperventilation?

    <p>Hyperpnea involves increased depth, while hyperventilation involves increased rate and depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During vigorous exercise, what happens to a person's breathing depth and rate?

    <p>Breathing depth increases, rate remains the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production affected during exercise?

    <p>They increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood $Po_2$ and $Pco_2$ levels during exercise?

    <p>They remain relatively the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to breathing, cardiac output, and blood flow during exercise?

    <p>They increase to meet the increased oxygen demand and eliminate excess carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the changes in breathing during exercise?

    <p>Sensory signals from muscles, tendons, and joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do blood Po2 and Pco2 levels change during exercise?

    <p>They remain relatively constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does exercise have on venous return of blood and lymph?

    <p>The effect on venous return is unclear from the given information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If exercise increases venous return of blood, how would it affect heart rate?

    <p>Heart rate would increase to accommodate the increased venous return.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a possible reason for the change in breathing during exercise?

    <p>Changes in blood pH levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of low arterial blood Pco2 on systemic blood vessels?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is described when arterial blood Pco2 decreases below normal levels?

    <p>Hypocapnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ironic result of hyperventilation?

    <p>Decreased oxygen delivery to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of low blood Pco2 on blood pH?

    <p>Increases blood pH (causes alkalosis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom that may accompany hyperventilation?

    <p>Muscle cramps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of directing a person who is hyperventilating to breathe into a paper bag?

    <p>To slow the loss of CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the changes in breathing during exercise?

    <p>Sensory signals relayed from proprioceptors in muscles, tendons, and joints in response to movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of hyperventilation on the chemical composition of blood?

    <p>Decreases blood Pco2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hyperventilation affect venous return of blood and lymph?

    <p>Decreases venous return by increasing intrathoracic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do blood $Po_2$ and $Pco_2$ change during exercise?

    <p>Blood $Po_2$ and $Pco_2$ remain relatively constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the changes in breathing rate and depth during exercise?

    <p>To remove excess carbon dioxide produced by the working muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If exercise increases venous return of blood, how would it affect heart rate?

    <p>Increase heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During vigorous exercise, what happens to a person's breathing depth and rate?

    <p>Breathing depth and rate both increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Hypoventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between hyperpnea and hyperventilation?

    <p>Hyperpnea is increased breathing that meets the body's metabolic needs, while hyperventilation is increased breathing beyond the body's metabolic needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe breathing that is either too slow or too shallow to meet the body's metabolic needs?

    <p>Hypoventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between hyperpnea and hyperventilation?

    <p>Hyperpnea is a response to exercise, while hyperventilation is a response to anxiety or panic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the accumulation of CO$_2$ in the blood stimulates chemoreceptors?

    <p>The respiratory center is stimulated, leading to increased breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms may result from insufficient blood Po2 or increased blood Pco2?

    <p>Lethargy, sleepiness, headache, and polycythemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of low oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in tissues?

    <p>Cyanotic tissues resulting in blue skin coloration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of voluntary hypoventilation or cessation of breathing?

    <p>You can't hold your breath long enough to die</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates chemoreceptors in response to the accumulation of CO2 in the blood?

    <p>Low pH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompts the initiation of inspiration during hypoventilation before the brain suffers from lack of oxygen?

    <p>Accumulation of CO2 in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hypoventilation influence the blood’s pH levels?

    <p>Causes a decrease in pH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for breathing that is deeper, but not faster, during vigorous exercise?

    <p>Hyperpnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do blood Po2 and Pco2 levels typically remain during exercise?

    <p>Remain relatively the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process increases during hyperventilation, aiding in the increased return of blood and lymph?

    <p>Venous return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between hyperpnea and hyperventilation during increased breathing?

    <p>Breathing depth only increases in hyperpnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to venous return of blood and lymph during hypoventilation?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hyperpnea differ from hyperventilation in terms of body's demands?

    <p>Meeting the body's demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

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