23.6 Pulmonary and Tissue Gas Exchange
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Questions and Answers

What is the total pressure at 33 feet below sea level?

  • 318 mm Hg
  • 3800 mm Hg
  • 1520 mm Hg (correct)
  • 760 mm Hg

    • Why is the atmospheric pressure greater below sea level?

  • Because sea water is denser than air (correct)
  • Due to the decrease in carbon dioxide levels
  • Due to the increase in humidity levels
  • Because of the lower density of sea water compared to air

    • What is the calculated Po2 at 33 feet below sea level?

  • 318 mm Hg (correct)
  • 1520 mm Hg
  • 800 mm Hg
  • 20.9 mm Hg

    • Which partial pressures are relevant for understanding respiratory gas exchange?

    <p>Po2 and Pco2 within alveoli, systemic cells, and circulating blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are the partial pressures of gases within the alveoli different from atmospheric partial pressures?

    <p>Because of the change in the percentage of each gas in the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Variables that Influence Gas Exchange' specifically refers to which aspect mentioned?

    <p>Partial pressures in the atmosphere, alveoli, and systemic tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of emphysema?

    <p>Loss of gas exchange surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of most cases of emphysema?

    <p>Damage caused by smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't the tissue in the lung affected by emphysema regenerate?

    <p>Inability to regenerate once destroyed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment approach for an emphysema patient?

    <p>Seek prompt treatment for infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the alveoli in an emphysemic lung?

    <p>Dilated and abnormally large</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide during tissue gas exchange?

    <p>Individual partial pressure gradients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the efficiency of gas exchange at the respiratory membrane?

    <p>Large surface area and minimal thickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the aggregate surface area of the respiratory membrane in a healthy lung compare to a tennis court?

    <p>A little less than half the size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the relative thickness of the respiratory membrane in pneumonia?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the simultaneous regulation of airflow in bronchioles and blood flow in arterioles?

    <p>Ventilation-perfusion coupling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do bronchioles respond in ventilation-perfusion coupling?

    <p>By dilating or constricting based on Pco2 changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what ways do physiologic adjustments maximize gas exchange at the alveoli?

    <p>By regulating airflow and blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood Po2 as it moves through the systemic capillaries?

    <p>Decreases from 100 to 40 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of carbon dioxide diffusion during gas exchange in systemic cells?

    <p>From the cells into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood Pco2 during tissue gas exchange?

    <p>Decreases from 45 to 40 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the partial pressure of each gas in the systemic cells remain relatively constant unless conditions change?

    <p>Due to continuous delivery of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood Po2 during pulmonary gas exchange?

    <p>Decreases from 45 to 40 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement of respiratory gases between blood in pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli of the lungs called?

    <p>Pulmonary gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical principle of gas exchange involves the movement of gases relative to their partial pressure gradient?

    <p>Dalton's principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gas solubility in the body is influenced by which chemical principle?

    <p>Henry's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the gases in air collectively move down during breathing?

    <p>Pressure gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Between blood in systemic capillaries and cells of systemic tissues, the exchange of respiratory gases is known as what type of gas exchange?

    <p>Tissue gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, which of the following principles governs the solubility of gases in the body?

    <p>Henry's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the partial pressure gradient mentioned in the passage?

    <p>To drive the movement of respiratory gases between blood and alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is the term used to describe the movement of respiratory gases between blood in pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli of the lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driver of the movement of gases through the respiratory passageway during breathing, according to the passage?

    <p>Total pressure gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a chemical principle of gas exchange mentioned in the passage?

    <p>Boyle's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is the term used to describe the movement of respiratory gases between blood in systemic capillaries and cells of systemic tissues?

    <p>Tissue gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force that moves a gas into a liquid?

    <p>The partial pressure of the gas in the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the partial pressure gradient of a gas and its movement between two regions?

    <p>The gas moves from the region of higher partial pressure to the region of lower partial pressure until the partial pressures are equal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the relationship between partial pressure gradients and the exchange of respiratory gases?

    <p>Partial pressure gradients are one of the chemical principles that govern the exchange of respiratory gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Henry's law, what two factors determine the solubility of a gas in a liquid?

    <p>The partial pressure of the gas in the air and the solubility coefficient of the gas in the liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism by which respiratory gases are exchanged between the blood in pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli?

    <p>Diffusion down a partial pressure gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the relationship between the partial pressures of gases within the alveoli and the atmospheric partial pressures?

    <p>The text does not provide information about the relationship between the partial pressures of gases within the alveoli and the atmospheric partial pressures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the partial pressure of a gas in a liquid?

    <p>The total pressure of all gases and the percentage of the gas of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does a soft drink become 'flat' over time after being opened?

    <p>The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is lower than in the soda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas has the highest solubility in water?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the solubility coefficient of a gas in a liquid?

    <p>The interactions between molecules of the gas and liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the partial pressure of a gas in a liquid increases, what happens to the amount of gas that enters the liquid?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas has the lowest solubility in water among oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accounts for the decrease in blood Po2 from 104 mm Hg in the pulmonary capillaries to 100 mm Hg in the systemic capillaries?

    <p>The input of deoxygenated blood from bronchial veins into the pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the blood Po2 decrease from 100 mm Hg in the systemic capillaries to 40 mm Hg in the systemic tissues?

    <p>Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the tissues due to the lower Po2 in the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the Pco2 values in the pulmonary and systemic capillaries?

    <p>The Pco2 values reverse, decreasing from 45 to 40 mm Hg in the pulmonary capillaries and increasing from 40 to 45 mm Hg in the systemic capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the decrease in blood Po2 from the pulmonary capillaries to the systemic capillaries?

    <p>Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the tissues in the systemic capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the blood Pco2 change as it moves from the pulmonary capillaries to the systemic capillaries?

    <p>The Pco2 values reverse, decreasing from 45 to 40 mm Hg in the pulmonary capillaries and increasing from 40 to 45 mm Hg in the systemic capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the increase in blood Po2 from 40 to 104 mm Hg during pulmonary gas exchange?

    <p>Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the blood in the pulmonary capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force for the diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli?

    <p>The difference in partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the partial pressure of oxygen (Po2) in the alveoli and in the blood entering the pulmonary capillaries, respectively?

    <p>104 mm Hg and 40 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the partial pressure of a gas in the blood during pulmonary gas exchange?

    <p>It increases for oxygen and decreases for carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the difference in partial pressures of gases between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries?

    <p>The continuous exchange of gases between the alveoli and blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of pulmonary gas exchange?

    <p>To load oxygen and unload carbon dioxide from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the partial pressure of a gas in the systemic cells during tissue gas exchange?

    <p>It remains constant unless conditions change</p> Signup and view all the answers

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