Respiration Process

Respiration Process

• Inhalation:
  • Diaphragm contracts and flattens
  • External intercostal muscles contract
  • Rib cage expands and Thoracic cavity increases in volume
  • Air enters through the nostrils or mouth and passes through the trachea
  • Air then enters the bronchi and bronchioles, eventually reaching the alveoli
• Exhalation:
  • Diaphragm relaxes and returns to its dome shape
  • External intercostal muscles relax
  • Rib cage descends and Thoracic cavity decreases in volume
  • Air is pushed out of the lungs and exhaled through the nostrils or mouth

Lungs

• Functions:
  • Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood
  • Filter out dust, bacteria, and other foreign particles from the air
• Structure:
  • Made up of tiny air sacs called alveoli
  • Alveoli are surrounded by a network of capillaries
  • Each lung is divided into lobes, with the right lung having three lobes and the left lung having two lobes

Bronchi

• Functions:
  • Conduct air from the trachea to the lungs
  • Divide into smaller bronchioles, eventually leading to the alveoli
• Structure:
  • Bronchi are tubes lined with cilia and mucus-producing cells
  • Right bronchus is shorter and wider than the left bronchus
  • Bronchi branch into smaller bronchioles, eventually leading to the alveoli

Trachea

• Functions:
  • Conduct air from the nose and mouth to the bronchi
  • Filter out dust, bacteria, and other foreign particles from the air
• Structure:
  • Tube lined with cilia and mucus-producing cells
  • Divided into the right and left bronchi at the carina
  • Held open by C-shaped rings of cartilage

Diaphragm

• Functions:
  • Main muscle of inhalation
  • Separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity
• Structure:
  • Dome-shaped muscle that contracts and relaxes to facilitate breathing
  • Attached to the sternum, ribs, and spine
  • Has a central tendon that anchors the muscle to the lumbar vertebrae

Respiration Process

• During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens, external intercostal muscles contract, and the rib cage expands, increasing thoracic cavity volume, allowing air to enter through the nostrils or mouth.
• Air then passes through the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, eventually reaching the alveoli.
• During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes, external intercostal muscles relax, and the rib cage descends, decreasing thoracic cavity volume, causing air to be pushed out of the lungs and exhaled.

Lungs

• The lungs are responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood, and filtering out dust, bacteria, and other foreign particles from the air.
• Lungs are made up of tiny air sacs called alveoli, surrounded by a network of capillaries.
• Each lung is divided into lobes, with the right lung having three lobes and the left lung having two lobes.

Bronchi

• The bronchi conduct air from the trachea to the lungs and divide into smaller bronchioles, eventually leading to the alveoli.
• Bronchi are tubes lined with cilia and mucus-producing cells, with the right bronchus being shorter and wider than the left bronchus.

Trachea

• The trachea conducts air from the nose and mouth to the bronchi and filters out dust, bacteria, and other foreign particles from the air.
• The trachea is a tube lined with cilia and mucus-producing cells, divided into the right and left bronchi at the carina, and held open by C-shaped rings of cartilage.

Diaphragm

• The diaphragm is the main muscle of inhalation, separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
• The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that contracts and relaxes to facilitate breathing, attached to the sternum, ribs, and spine, with a central tendon that anchors the muscle to the lumbar vertebrae.