Respiration Process

Respiration Process

• Inhalation:
  • Diaphragm contracts and flattens
  • External intercostal muscles contract
  • Rib cage expands and Thoracic cavity increases in volume
  • Air enters through the nostrils or mouth and passes through the trachea
  • Air then enters the bronchi and bronchioles, eventually reaching the alveoli
• Exhalation:
  • Diaphragm relaxes and returns to its dome shape
  • External intercostal muscles relax
  • Rib cage descends and Thoracic cavity decreases in volume
  • Air is pushed out of the lungs and exhaled through the nostrils or mouth

Lungs

• Functions:
  • Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood
  • Filter out dust, bacteria, and other foreign particles from the air
• Structure:
  • Made up of tiny air sacs called alveoli
  • Alveoli are surrounded by a network of capillaries
  • Each lung is divided into lobes, with the right lung having three lobes and the left lung having two lobes

Bronchi

• Functions:
  • Conduct air from the trachea to the lungs
  • Divide into smaller bronchioles, eventually leading to the alveoli
• Structure:
  • Bronchi are tubes lined with cilia and mucus-producing cells
  • Right bronchus is shorter and wider than the left bronchus
  • Bronchi branch into smaller bronchioles, eventually leading to the alveoli

Trachea

• Functions:
  • Conduct air from the nose and mouth to the bronchi
  • Filter out dust, bacteria, and other foreign particles from the air
• Structure:
  • Tube lined with cilia and mucus-producing cells
  • Divided into the right and left bronchi at the carina
  • Held open by C-shaped rings of cartilage

Diaphragm

• Functions:
  • Main muscle of inhalation
  • Separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity
• Structure:
  • Dome-shaped muscle that contracts and relaxes to facilitate breathing
  • Attached to the sternum, ribs, and spine
  • Has a central tendon that anchors the muscle to the lumbar vertebrae

Respiration Process

• During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens, external intercostal muscles contract, and the rib cage expands, increasing thoracic cavity volume, allowing air to enter through the nostrils or mouth.
• Air then passes through the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, eventually reaching the alveoli.
• During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes, external intercostal muscles relax, and the rib cage descends, decreasing thoracic cavity volume, causing air to be pushed out of the lungs and exhaled.

Lungs

• The lungs are responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood, and filtering out dust, bacteria, and other foreign particles from the air.
• Lungs are made up of tiny air sacs called alveoli, surrounded by a network of capillaries.
• Each lung is divided into lobes, with the right lung having three lobes and the left lung having two lobes.

Bronchi

• The bronchi conduct air from the trachea to the lungs and divide into smaller bronchioles, eventually leading to the alveoli.
• Bronchi are tubes lined with cilia and mucus-producing cells, with the right bronchus being shorter and wider than the left bronchus.

Trachea

• The trachea conducts air from the nose and mouth to the bronchi and filters out dust, bacteria, and other foreign particles from the air.
• The trachea is a tube lined with cilia and mucus-producing cells, divided into the right and left bronchi at the carina, and held open by C-shaped rings of cartilage.

Diaphragm

• The diaphragm is the main muscle of inhalation, separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
• The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that contracts and relaxes to facilitate breathing, attached to the sternum, ribs, and spine, with a central tendon that anchors the muscle to the lumbar vertebrae.

This quiz covers the process of respiration, including inhalation and exhalation, and the role of the diaphragm, rib cage, and other muscles in breathing.