Respiration and Pulmonary Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential result of decreased heart rate and blood pressure in cases of respiratory distress?

  • Improved lung function
  • Cardiac arrest (correct)
  • Enhanced oxygen delivery
  • Increased respiratory rate

    • Which type of dyspnea is characterized by relief when sitting up?

  • Paralytic dyspnea
  • Sleep apnea
  • Orthopnea (correct)
  • Obstructive dyspnea

    • What causes sleep apnea according to the information provided?

  • Increased CO2 sensitivity
  • Loss of sensitivity to respiratory neurons (correct)
  • Obstructive lung disease
  • Respiratory muscle paralysis

    • Which of the following is NOT considered a cause of asphyxia?

    <p>Excessive oxygen exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mechanical ventilation is used for which of the following purposes?

    <p>To aid in chronic respiratory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Decompression Sickness?

    <p>Rapid escape of nitrogen from tissues to blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What breathing pattern describes rapid shallow breathing?

    <p>Tachypnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of air inspired or expired in one respiratory cycle at rest?

    <p>500mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of breathing, what is dyspnea?

    <p>Difficulty in breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Cheyne-Stokes breathing?

    <p>Alternating periods of apnea and breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which capacity represents the maximum volume of air that can be inspired after normal expiration?

    <p>Inspiratory capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of residual volume (RV) in the lungs?

    <p>Prevents collapse of the lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary physiological effect of hyperventilation?

    <p>Decreased carbon dioxide levels in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of air embolism during SCUBA diving?

    <p>Rupture of pulmonary vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is functional residual capacity (FRC) calculated?

    <p>ERV + RV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of apnea occurs with periodic breathing?

    <p>Cheyne-Stokes apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding vital capacity (VC)?

    <p>It is an index of pulmonary function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of asphyxia?

    <p>Prevention of ventilation in the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of chronic hypoxia?

    <p>Severe fatigue and tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with a marked resistance to airflow?

    <p>Obstructive lung disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical P02 range associated with acute hypoxia?

    <p>25-40mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary compensatory mechanism the body uses to respond to chronic hypoxia at high altitudes?

    <p>Hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition leads to pulmonary hypertension due to alveolar hypoxia?

    <p>Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a right shift of the oxygen dissociation curve have in response to high altitude acclimatization?

    <p>Improved oxygen delivery to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with acute alcohol intoxication?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change occurs after two weeks of acclimatization to high altitude?

    <p>Return of heart rate and cardiac output to normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of nitrogen narcosis at deeper sea levels?

    <p>Hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adaptations does not occur in individuals living permanently at high altitudes?

    <p>Greater susceptibility to altitude sickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason helium is preferred over nitrogen to avoid nitrogen narcosis?

    <p>Helium is less soluble in fatty tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiration

    • Tidal Volume (TV): Volume of air inspired or expired in one respiratory cycle at rest. = 500mL
    • Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): Maximum volume of air inspired by forced inspiration after normal inspiration. = 3000 mL
    • Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): Maximum volume of air expired by forced expiration after normal expiration. = 1100 mL
    • Residual Volume (RV): Volume of air remaining in the lung after forced expiration. = 1200 mL
    • Functional Residual Capacity (FRC): ERV + RV = 2300 mL. Prevents lung collapse.
    • Vital Capacity (VC): TV + IRV + ERV = 4600 mL. Maximum volume of air that can be expired after maximum inspiration.
    • Inspiratory Capacity (IC): TV + IRV = 3500 mL. Maximum volume of air that can be inspired after normal expiration.
    • Total Lung Capacity (TLC): TV + IRV + ERV + RV = 5800 mL. Total volume of air in the lungs after maximum inspiration.

    Pulmonary Function

    • Spirometry: Measuring lung function.
    • Vital Capacity (not measured) (VC): Maximum volume of air that can be expired after maximum inspiration
    • Large in: Males, Athletes, Standing Position
    • Small in: Females, Pregnancy, Recumbent Position
    • TLC (not in study): Measured by helium dilution method
    • Conditions: Emphysema (loss of elasticity), Restrictive lung disease (spino deformity), Obstructive lung disease

    High Altitude Physiology

    • Chronic Hypoxia: Slowly developing, "chronic mountain sickness"
    • Acute Hypoxia: Rapidly developing, "acute mountain sickness"
    • PO2: 25-40 mmHg. Affects symptoms like fatigue, headache, drowsiness in high altitude, 6-40 mmHg if severe
    • Compensatory Mechanisms:
      • Hyperventilation
      • Polycythemia (increase in red blood cells)
      • Tachycardia (increased heart rate)
      • Increased blood flow to tissues
    • Acclimatization: Body's response to chronic hypoxia
      • Hyperventilation
      • Polycythemia
      • Tachycardia + angiogenesis (formation of new capillaries)
      • 2,3-DPG (increases oxygen delivery)
      • Increased number of mitochondria and enzymes
      • Peripheral chemoreceptors respond to changes in oxygen levels

    Effect of Increased Barometric Pressure

    • Descent (Compression): Dissolved gases in tissues.
    • Ascent (Decompression): Dissolved gases diffuse from tissues to blood to lungs.
    • Harmful if rapid: Decompression sickness, and air embolism.
    • Causes: Nitrogen narcosis, oxygen toxicity,
    • Treatment: Recompression in pressure chamber.

    Abnormal Breathing Patterns

    • Tachynea: Rapid, shallow breathing
    • Hypernea: Deep breathing
    • Apnea: Cessation of breathing; stoppages of breathing
    • Dyspnea: Difficult breathing.
    • Orthopnea: Dyspnea when lying down
    • Apneusis: Maintained inspiration

    Other Conditions (Asthma etc)

    • Asthma: Airway obstruction, airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness to stimuli

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    Related Documents

    Physio Resp Practical PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on respiration volumes and pulmonary function measurements. This quiz covers key concepts like tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and more. Understand the mechanics of lung capacity and how to measure lung function effectively.

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