Respiration and Energy Production

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the epiglottis?

To deliver air to the lungs

To produce voice sounds

To prevent food from entering the trachea (correct)

To collect dust particles

The trachea consists of soft tissue that allows it to easily collapse.

False

What is the role of cilia in the trachea?

To trap dust and move it upward toward the pharynx.

The ______ is a dome-shaped muscle that helps in breathing by altering the volume of the thoracic cavity.

diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Match each lung with its characteristics:

Right lung = Has 3 lobes Left lung = Has 2 lobes and accommodates the heart Signup and view all the answers

What are alveoli primarily responsible for?

Facilitating gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Both bronchi and bronchioles are supported by cartilaginous rings.

False Signup and view all the answers

What happens if air enters the pleural cavity?

The pleural membranes separate, potentially causing lung collapse. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of breathing?

To bring oxygen into contact with specialized tissues Signup and view all the answers

Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 🡪 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP Signup and view all the answers

The process of obtaining energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen is called ___.

aerobic cellular respiration Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their functions:

Nasal Cavity = Moistens and warms air Mitochondria = Produces ATP Red Blood Cells = Carries oxygen throughout the body Conchae = Traps debris from air Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of energy from aerobic cellular respiration is used to make ATP?

36% Signup and view all the answers

Gas exchange requires specialized tissue in complex multicellular organisms.

True Signup and view all the answers

Describe the path of oxygen from when it enters the lungs to when it is used in cells.

Oxygen enters the lungs, is picked up by red blood cells, carried throughout the body, dissolves into interstitial fluid, and diffuses into the cells. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiration: An Introduction

Breathing is inhaling and exhaling air.
Breathing brings oxygen into contact with specialized tissue, maximizing oxygen transfer.
Oxygen is crucial for creating energy for the cells.

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Obtaining energy from glucose and oxygen reactions.
This process occurs in the mitochondria.
The chemical equation is: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ + 36ADP + 36Pi → 6CO₂ + 6 H₂O + 36ATP.
Breaking down glucose with oxygen produces ATP, vital for cell functions like growth, reproduction, and movement.
Most energy is lost as heat, and ~36% is used to create ATP.
ATP is made using energy from glucose breakdown.
This energy drives the phosphorylation of ADP into ATP.
ADP + a phosphate group forms ATP.

Gas Exchange

Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the external environment and the internal environment (blood in capillaries).
In single-celled organisms, and simple multicellular organisms, oxygen diffuses into cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out.
Complex multicellular organisms rely on specialized tissue for gas exchange to maximize oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion.
Oxygen enters the lungs, absorbed by red blood cells, transported throughout the body, dissolving into interstitial fluid, and diffusing into cells to produce ATP.
Carbon dioxide follows a reverse path, exiting the body via the lungs .

Ventilation

Movement of air in and out of the lungs.
The process involves inspiration (inhaling) and expiration (exhaling).

Human Gas Exchange Structures

Nasal Cavity: Contains 3 bony plates (conchae) lined with mucus membrane, trapping debris with hair and mucus, and warming and moistening air.
Pharynx: Common passageway for air and food, leading to the trachea and esophagus.
Epiglottis: Flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea.
Larynx: Contains vocal chords, producing sound when air passes through them.
Trachea: Tube from the larynx to the lungs; consists of cartilage rings to prevent collapse during breathing. Includes cilia, hair-like extensions, to move mucus and trapped particles towards the pharynx.
Bronchi: Tubes from trachea to lungs, containing cartilage rings for support and cilia for debris removal.
Bronchioles: Microscopic tubes branching within the lungs, leading to alveoli and lacking cartilage rings.
Alveoli: Microscopic air sacs in the lungs (approximately 300 million) with thin walls, enabling efficient O2 and CO2 exchange via capillaries.
Lungs: Two lobes in the left lung and three lobes in the right lung, enclosed by the pleural membranes.
Diaphragm: Thin sheet of muscle below the lungs, crucial for breathing by changing the volume of the thoracic cavity.
Ribs: Protect the thoracic cavity and aid in breathing by expanding the thoracic cavity using intercostal muscles between them.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of respiration, including the processes of inhaling and exhaling air, aerobic cellular respiration, and gas exchange. Understand how oxygen is vital for energy production in cells and the biochemical reactions involved. Get ready to test your knowledge on these essential biological concepts!