Respiration and Breathing
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Questions and Answers

What is aerobic respiration?

A form of respiration in which glucose is completely oxidised to give carbon dioxide plus water and release a large amount of energy.

What are alveoli?

The air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange takes place in the lung.

What is asthma?

A disease in which the airways become very sensitive and close up making breathing difficult.

What are bronchioles?

<p>The narrow branching tubes in the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a bronchus?

<p>One of the two main divisions of the trachea as it branches into the right and left lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is carbon dioxide?

<p>Gas produced by respiration. We need to excrete this from our lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cartilage?

<p>Rings of this stiffen the trachea and stop it collapsing when we inhale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are cilia?

<p>Small projections from the surface of cell lining the airways that sweep the mucus up from the lungs to the back of the throat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diaphragm?

<p>The muscular floor to the chest that lowers when it contracts, thus increasing the volume of the chest cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diffusion?

<p>The movement of a substance from a region of high to low concentration. This is how gas exchange happens in the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is released by respiration?

<p>Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the epiglottis?

<p>A flap of skin that can closes off the trachea when you swallow so that you don't choke on your food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is excretion?

<p>The elimination of a waste substance from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to exhale?

<p>To breath out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is gas exchange?

<p>The process by which oxygen is taken up and carbon dioxide excreted in the lungs or gills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is glucose?

<p>A simple sugar that is the most important source of energy in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is haemoglobin?

<p>A protein that is present in large amounts in red blood cells where it is used to carry oxygen around the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is heart disease?

<p>A group of diseases that affects the function of the blood vessels, often caused or made worse by smoking, that can lead to heart attacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are intercostal muscles?

<p>The muscles between the ribs that contract to lift and the ribs and move them out when we breath in.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the larynx?

<p>Also known as the voice box, this is at the top of the trachea and allows us to communicate using sound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lime water?

<p>A colourless indicator that turns milky if carbon dioxide is bubbled through it due to a precipitate of calcium carbonate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lung cancer?

<p>A disease in which lung tissue grows uncontrollably due to mutations in the cells. Usually caused by chemicals in cigarette smoke.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause lung damage?

<p>Can be caused by particles from tobacco smoke or dust from industrial processes. Can lead to further problems due to white blood cells destroying tissue and leading to emphysema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nasal cavity?

<p>The hollow space between the nose and the back of the throat that warms and moistens incoming air. Lined with hairs to filter out particles and help protect the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is oxygen?

<p>Vital for life this gas is needed in respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are pleural membranes?

<p>The membranes that line the outside of the lung and the inside of the ribcage. Enclose the pleural cavity and allow the lung to move freely as it expands and contracts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a red blood cell?

<p>The most abundant blood cell type specialised for the carriage of oxygen and gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ribcage?

<p>The framework of 12 pairs of bones that are attached to the spine at the thoracic vertebrae, and to the sternum at the front of the chest. Protects the vital organs and expands to enable inhalation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trachea?

<p>The airway connecting the throat to the bronchi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ventilation?

<p>Alternative word for breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is surface area?

<p>This is very large in the lung to increase the rate of diffusion for gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are capillaries?

<p>A dense network of these around the alveoli help to increase the rate of gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for the alveoli to be moist?

<p>The alveoli are this to allow gases to dissolve and to increase gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for the walls of the alveoli and capillaries to be thin?

<p>The walls of the alveoli and capillaries are this to help increase the rate of diffusion across them and hence the rate of gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Aerobic Respiration

Respiration using oxygen, producing lots of energy.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.

Asthma

Disease causing airways to narrow, making breathing difficult.

Bronchiole(s)

Small air passages branching from the bronchi in the lungs.

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Bronchus

Main air passage branching from the trachea into each lung.

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Carbon Dioxide

Waste gas produced during respiration, removed by the lungs.

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Cartilage (in trachea)

Tough tissue rings supporting the trachea to prevent collapse.

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Cilia

Tiny hairs lining airways that sweep mucus and debris upwards.

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Diaphragm

Muscle separating chest and abdomen; contracts to help inhalation.

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Diffusion

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

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Energy

Released by respiration, powers all life processes.

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Epiglottis

Flap preventing food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

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Excretion

Removal of waste products from the body.

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Exhale

To breathe air out of the lungs.

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Gas Exchange

Process of oxygen entering the blood and carbon dioxide leaving it.

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Gills

Organs used by fish to extract oxygen from water.

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Glucose

Simple sugar, main energy source for body cells.

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Haemoglobin

Protein in red blood cells carrying oxygen.

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Inhale

Breathing air into the lungs.

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Intercostal Muscles

Muscles between ribs that help expand and contract the chest.

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Larynx

Voice box; contains vocal cords for sound production.

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Lung

Air breathing organ for gas exchange .

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Mucus

Sticky substance in airways that traps dirt and pathogens

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Nasal Cavity

Chamber that warms and moistens air.

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Oxygen

Essential gas for respiration.

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Red blood cell

Gas exchange specialist cells.

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Respiration

Using glucose to produce energy.

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Breathing

Ventilation.

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Surface Area

Large surface area to increase gas exchange efficiency.

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Moist Alveoli

Wet to allow gases to dissolve.

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Study Notes

  • Aerobic respiration completely oxidizes glucose into carbon dioxide and water, releasing a large amount of energy.

Alveoli

  • These are air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

Asthma

  • Airways become very sensitive and close up, making breathing difficult.

Bronchiole(s)

  • Narrow branching tubes exist in the lungs.

Bronchus

  • The trachea divides into two main divisions, branching into the right and left lungs.

Carbon Dioxide

  • This gas is a product of respiration and needs to be removed from the lungs.

Cartilage

  • Rings of cartilage stiffen the trachea, preventing its collapse during inhalation.

Cilia

  • These small projections on airway cells sweep mucus from the lungs to the back of the throat.

Diaphragm

  • This muscular floor of the chest lowers upon contraction, increasing the chest cavity volume.

Diffusion

  • The movement of a substance from high to low concentration is how gas exchange happens in the lungs.

Energy

  • Released by respiration, it transforms but remains undestroyed.

Epiglottis

  • This flap of skin closes off the trachea during swallowing to prevent choking.

Excretion

  • The process eliminates waste substances from the body.

Exhale

  • This means to breathe out.

Gas Exchange

  • This process involves oxygen intake and carbon dioxide excretion in the lungs or gills.

Gills

  • The organs of gas exchange in fish.

Glucose

  • This simple sugar is the most important source of energy in the body.

Haemoglobin

  • This protein in red blood cells carries oxygen around the body.

Heart Disease

  • This group of diseases affects blood vessel function, often worsened by smoking, and can lead to heart attacks.

Inhale

  • This means to breathe in.

Intercostal (muscles)

  • Muscles between the ribs contract to lift the ribs and move them out during inhalation.

Larynx

  • This voice box at the top of the trachea enables communication using sound.

Lime Water

  • This colourless indicator turns milky in the presence of carbon dioxide due to calcium carbonate.

Lung

  • The organ of gas exchange for air-breathing animals.

Lung Cancer

  • This disease involves uncontrolled growth of lung tissue due to cell mutations, often caused by chemicals in cigarette smoke.

Lung Damage

  • Particles from tobacco smoke or industrial dust can cause damage, leading to emphysema due to white blood cells destroying tissue.

Mucus

  • Cells in the airways secrete mucus to trap dirt and bacteria, which are then swept to the throat and swallowed, where stomach acid kills the bacteria.

Nasal Cavity

  • This hollow space warms and moistens incoming air and filters out particles to protect the lungs.

Oxygen

  • This gas is vital for life and needed in respiration.

Pleural (membranes)

  • These membranes line the outside of the lung and the inside of the ribcage, enclosing the pleural cavity and allowing free lung movement during expansion and contraction.

Red Blood Cell

  • The most abundant blood cell type, specialized for oxygen carriage and gas exchange.

Respiration

  • The oxidation of glucose to form carbon dioxide and water, releasing a large amount of energy.

Rib

  • One of the 24 bones that makes up the ribcage.

Ribcage

  • This framework of 12 pairs of bones protects vital organs and expands to enable inhalation.

Trachea

  • This airway connects the throat to the bronchi.

Ventilation

  • An alternative term for breathing.

Surface area

  • This is very large in the lung to increase the rate of diffusion for gas exchange.

Capillaries

  • A dense network of these around the alveoli help to increase the rate of gas exchange.

Moist

  • The alveoli are kept moist to allow gases to dissolve and to increase gas exchange.

Thin

  • The walls of the alveoli and capillaries are thin to help increase the rate of diffusion across them and hence the rate of gas exchange.

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Description

This lesson covers the basics of respiration and breathing. It defines key components of the respiratory system like alveoli, bronchioles, and the diaphragm. It also touches on conditions like asthma and the importance of gas exchange.

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