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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of respiration in organisms?
What is the primary function of respiration in organisms?
Breathing and respiration are the same process.
Breathing and respiration are the same process.
False
Where does cellular respiration occur within cells?
Where does cellular respiration occur within cells?
Mitochondria
During breathing, humans inhale ______ and exhale carbon dioxide.
During breathing, humans inhale ______ and exhale carbon dioxide.
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Match the organisms with their breathing methods:
Match the organisms with their breathing methods:
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What is produced as a waste product of cellular respiration?
What is produced as a waste product of cellular respiration?
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Plants exhale carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
Plants exhale carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
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What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs called?
What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs called?
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What is the primary role of ATP in cells?
What is the primary role of ATP in cells?
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Aerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.
Aerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.
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List the two types of cellular respiration.
List the two types of cellular respiration.
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In anaerobic respiration, glucose is metabolized to produce __________ and ATP.
In anaerobic respiration, glucose is metabolized to produce __________ and ATP.
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Which of the following is a product of aerobic respiration?
Which of the following is a product of aerobic respiration?
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Breathing consists of inhalation and digestion.
Breathing consists of inhalation and digestion.
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What is the normal breathing rate for adults?
What is the normal breathing rate for adults?
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In fish, oxygen is extracted from water through their __________.
In fish, oxygen is extracted from water through their __________.
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Match the organisms with their respiratory structures:
Match the organisms with their respiratory structures:
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What occurs during inhalation?
What occurs during inhalation?
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Root hairs increase the surface area for absorption in plants.
Root hairs increase the surface area for absorption in plants.
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What does photosynthesis produce that is vital for other organisms?
What does photosynthesis produce that is vital for other organisms?
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During exhalation, the diaphragm __________ and the rib cage contracts.
During exhalation, the diaphragm __________ and the rib cage contracts.
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Which structure is involved in respiration for insects?
Which structure is involved in respiration for insects?
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What gas do humans release during respiration?
What gas do humans release during respiration?
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Study Notes
Respiration and Breathing
- Respiration is a process where organisms break down food to release energy, crucial for survival.
- Breathing is the intake and expulsion of air from the lungs.
- Breathing is a part of respiration, not the same as respiration.
- Respiration is fundamental for all life.
Unique Breathing Patterns
- All living things breathe, but methods vary.
- Organisms acquire oxygen in diverse ways:
- Humans breathe through nose and mouth.
- Fish use gills.
- Other organisms may breathe through skin, spiracles, etc.
Organs Systems and Respiration
- The human body comprises organ systems, working together for life.
- Organ systems consist of tissues, groups of similar cells working together.
- The respiratory system is responsible for breathing and gas exchange.
The Respiratory System
- The respiratory system includes interconnected organs.
- Breathing starts with air entering the nasal cavity.
- Air moves down the pharynx, then into the trachea.
- The trachea branches into two bronchi, leading to lungs.
- Bronchi divide into smaller bronchioles.
- Air reaches alveoli, tiny air sacs for gas exchange.
- Alveoli are surrounded by capillaries, facilitating oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration is the final stage of respiration, releasing energy from glucose breakdown.
- Cellular respiration occurs within cell mitochondria.
- Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, a waste product.
- Energy released fuels life processes.
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
- Humans inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide during breathing.
- Carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration.
- Plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, producing their food.
- Plants release oxygen as a byproduct, creating a symbiotic relationship with humans.
Energy and the Cell
- Cells need energy for essential functions.
- Energy is stored in food molecule bonds.
- Energy released during cellular respiration is stored as ATP.
- Cells use ATP for activities like muscle contraction, nerve signals, protein synthesis, and growth.
Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to generate energy as ATP.
- Processes include glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.
- Respiration types include aerobic and anaerobic.
- Aerobic respiration occurs with oxygen, the most common type.
- Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, producing less ATP and potentially lactic acid or alcohol.
- Examples of aerobic respiration: Dogs, cats, elephants, lions, frogs
- Examples of anaerobic respiration: Muscles during strenuous activity (lactic acid fermentation)
Types of Cellular Respiration and Breakdown of Glucose
-
Aerobic respiration:
- Requires oxygen.
- Complete, step-by-step breakdown.
- Products: carbon dioxide, water, ATP.
-
Anaerobic respiration:
- Does not require oxygen.
- Partial, incomplete breakdown.
- Products: carbon dioxide, ATP, and either lactic acid or alcohol.
Breakdown of Glucose
- Aerobic respiration: Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP
- Anaerobic respiration (lactic acid fermentation): Glucose → lactic acid + ATP
- Anaerobic respiration (alcoholic fermentation): Glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide + ATP
Breathing
- Breathing is the human process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
- Breathing involves inhalation (taking in oxygen) and exhalation (releasing carbon dioxide).
- The respiratory system includes nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
- Normal adult breathing rate is about 15-18 breaths per minute.
Respiratory Organs in Different Organisms
- Humans: Lungs (in chest cavity).
- Insects (crickets, grasshoppers, etc.): Spiracles (openings on body surface) leading to trachea.
- Earthworms and leeches: Moist skin for oxygen absorption.
- Fish: Gills used for underwater respiration.
- Frogs: Skin and lungs depending on environment.
Harmful Effects of Smoke
- Smoke contains damaging chemicals affecting lungs.
- These result in breathing problems and respiratory illnesses.
Breathing Mechanism
-
Inhalation:
- Diaphragm contracts, flattening and pulling downwards.
- Rib cage expands.
- Creates negative lung pressure, drawing air in.
-
Exhalation:
- Diaphragm relaxes, bulging upwards.
- Rib cage contracts, decreasing chest cavity volume.
- Pushes air out of lungs.
Sneezing
- Sneezing is a reflex clearing nasal passages of irritants (e.g. dust, pollen).
- Nasal passage irritants trigger a sneeze to expel them.
- Nasal hairs initially trap irritants.
Respiration In Fish
- Fish intake water through mouths, pushing over gills.
- Gills extract dissolved oxygen from water.
- Oxygen is transported to fish blood.
- Carbon dioxide waste is released from blood to water through gills.
Photosynthesis In Plants
- Plants absorb carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water to create glucose.
- Photosynthesis releases oxygen, essential for other organisms.
Respiration In Plants
- Plants also respire like animals, taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
- Respiration occurs in all plant parts, including roots.
- Roots absorb oxygen from soil air for respiration.
Respiration In Humans
- Humans breathe in oxygen and release carbon dioxide through lungs, essential for energy production.
Importance of Root Hairs
- Plant roots have root hairs for increased surface area.
- Increased surface area leads to improved water and mineral absorption.
Advice For Studying
- Study chapters in the order taught.
- Review vocabulary/ definitions.
- Ask clarifying questions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on respiration and breathing processes. This quiz covers various aspects, including how different organisms breathe, the unique breathing patterns in nature, and the role of the respiratory system in organ systems. Perfect for students learning about human biology and ecology.
