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Questions and Answers

What is the most important natural resource in much of the Middle East and Africa?

Water (correct)

Oil

Gold

Timber

Where were the first settlements in the Middle East and Africa located in relation to water?

Areas with access to water and at risk of frequent flooding

Areas prone to flooding but with abundant natural resources

Areas with access to water but high enough to avoid flooding (correct)

Areas far away from water sources to avoid natural disasters

Why were settlements in flood-prone areas like Egypt and Mesopotamia considered a gamble?

Settlements in flood-prone areas were always unsuccessful

Flood-prone areas were known for their fertile soil

In years without flooding, settlements could grow and become rich (correct)

Floods were a rare occurrence in these regions

What became a primary way to trade and build knowledge and wealth in regions with access to water?

Access to water Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of the first settlements in the Middle East and Africa mentioned in the text?

Catal Huyuk in Turkey and the Kush culture of Sudan Signup and view all the answers

How has settlement changed in regions with desired resources over time?

Settlements have shifted as desired resources have changed Signup and view all the answers

What has made increased settlement possible in regions with abundant natural resources?

New technologies Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of rivers in the development of trade and wealth in Zimbabwe and Ghana?

Provided transportation for trade and wealth, in addition to more stable food stocks Signup and view all the answers

What were Axum and Yemen crucial markets for?

Spices Signup and view all the answers

What problem did the discovery of significant quantities of gold in West Africa present?

Transporting it across the Sahara or the jungles of the Congo Signup and view all the answers

What allowed trade routes to link in Africa?

Small outposts placed throughout the Sahara close to permanent oases Signup and view all the answers

What was the most famous small outpost that became amazingly wealthy due to trade?

Timbuktu Signup and view all the answers

What changed the location of large settlements in Africa and the Middle East from being determined by the ability to maintain a population to being determined by economics?

Discovery of petroleum and the requirement of large groups of people to maintain oil wells Signup and view all the answers

What technology was built to get the oil from remote areas to refineries or ports?

Pipelines Signup and view all the answers

What had to be built in the desert to turn sea water into fresh water for the settlements near oil fields?

Massive desalination plants Signup and view all the answers