Podcast
Questions and Answers
In a resonance column experiment, why is it crucial to avoid striking the tuning fork on a hard surface?
In a resonance column experiment, why is it crucial to avoid striking the tuning fork on a hard surface?
- To produce a louder sound.
- To prevent damage to the tuning fork. (correct)
- To prevent damage to the hard surface.
- To ensure the tuning fork vibrates at a lower frequency.
What is the relationship between the frequency of the tuning fork and the length of the air column at the first resonance?
What is the relationship between the frequency of the tuning fork and the length of the air column at the first resonance?
- Higher frequency requires a shorter air column. (correct)
- Higher frequency requires a longer air column.
- There is no correlation between frequency and air column length.
- Frequency and air column length are directly proportional.
If a resonance column resonates at a certain length L with a tuning fork of frequency f, what will happen to the resonance if the frequency is doubled while keeping the length constant?
If a resonance column resonates at a certain length L with a tuning fork of frequency f, what will happen to the resonance if the frequency is doubled while keeping the length constant?
- Resonance will still occur at the same length.
- Resonance will occur at a longer length.
- Resonance will no longer occur at that length. (correct)
- Resonance will occur at a shorter length.
Why is the air column adjusted during the resonance experiment?
Why is the air column adjusted during the resonance experiment?
In the context of a resonance column, what does a 'node' represent?
In the context of a resonance column, what does a 'node' represent?
Given the formula λ = 4L used in the experiment, what does this imply about the relationship between the length of the air column at the first resonance and the wavelength of the sound wave?
Given the formula λ = 4L used in the experiment, what does this imply about the relationship between the length of the air column at the first resonance and the wavelength of the sound wave?
How will an increase in room temperature affect the speed of sound in the resonance column experiment?
How will an increase in room temperature affect the speed of sound in the resonance column experiment?
If the measured length of the air column at the first resonance is slightly shorter than expected, what could be a possible cause?
If the measured length of the air column at the first resonance is slightly shorter than expected, what could be a possible cause?
What adjustment is needed when using a higher frequency tuning fork to find the first resonance?
What adjustment is needed when using a higher frequency tuning fork to find the first resonance?
In a resonance column experiment, what is the effect of using a tube that is shorter than the wavelength of the sound being produced?
In a resonance column experiment, what is the effect of using a tube that is shorter than the wavelength of the sound being produced?
Which modification to the experimental procedure would best improve accuracy of the speed of sound measurement?
Which modification to the experimental procedure would best improve accuracy of the speed of sound measurement?
If the first resonance occurs at a length L, at approximately what length would you expect the second resonance to occur in the same closed pipe?
If the first resonance occurs at a length L, at approximately what length would you expect the second resonance to occur in the same closed pipe?
A student uses a tuning fork with a slightly bent tine. How might this affect the resonance experiment?
A student uses a tuning fork with a slightly bent tine. How might this affect the resonance experiment?
What would be the result of using a tuning fork with a frequency that is not accurately labeled?
What would be the result of using a tuning fork with a frequency that is not accurately labeled?
Why is it important to hold the vibrating tuning fork close to, but not touching, the open end of the resonance column?
Why is it important to hold the vibrating tuning fork close to, but not touching, the open end of the resonance column?
Given a situation in which the first resonance is difficult to hear clearly, what can be adjusted to improve the clarity during the experiment?
Given a situation in which the first resonance is difficult to hear clearly, what can be adjusted to improve the clarity during the experiment?
During a resonance experiment, a student observes that the length required for the first resonance decreases as the surrounding humidity increases. What is the most probable reason for this?
During a resonance experiment, a student observes that the length required for the first resonance decreases as the surrounding humidity increases. What is the most probable reason for this?
If the experiment were performed with a gas denser than air, how would the observed resonance lengths compare to those obtained with air?
If the experiment were performed with a gas denser than air, how would the observed resonance lengths compare to those obtained with air?
A student performs the experiment using the same tuning fork, but accidentally fills the resonance tube with helium instead of air. What will the student observe?
A student performs the experiment using the same tuning fork, but accidentally fills the resonance tube with helium instead of air. What will the student observe?
A student consistently measures resonance lengths that are slightly longer than theoretically expected. What is the most likely source of this systematic error?
A student consistently measures resonance lengths that are slightly longer than theoretically expected. What is the most likely source of this systematic error?
Flashcards
Resonant Frequency
Resonant Frequency
The shortest column of air that resonates with a tuning fork, occurring when the tube is one-fourth of a wavelength long.
Nodes (N)
Nodes (N)
Points within a standing wave where displacement is at a minimum.
Antinodes (A)
Antinodes (A)
Points within a standing wave where displacement is at a maximum.
Resonance
Resonance
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Wavelength Formula
Wavelength Formula
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Speed of Sound
Speed of Sound
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3rd Resonance pattern (closed end)
3rd Resonance pattern (closed end)
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Frequency and Length relationship
Frequency and Length relationship
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Study Notes
- When a vibrating tuning fork is held near an air column closed at one end, the air column vibrates at the same frequency (f) as the tuning fork.
- This vibration occurs due to the reflection of the wave multiple times within the column, leading to interference between the reflected waves.
- At a specific column length, the reflected waves arrive in phase, resulting in a wave with a higher amplitude and a louder sound; the tube is said to resonate at its resonant frequency.
- The shortest air column that resonates is one-fourth of the wavelength (λ).
- The wavelength at resonance is defined by λ = 4L, where L is the length of the air column.
- Nodes represent minimum displacement, while antinodes represent maximum displacement in the wave.
Experiment Materials
- 1.2 m Resonance column
- Tuning forks: 512 Hz, 480 Hz, 426.7 Hz, and 384 Hz
- Tuning fork mallet
- Metric ruler/tape
Experiment Method
- Set up the resonance column with an adjustable foot.
- Put the piston into the air column.
- Select a tuning fork and record its frequency.
- Strike the tuning fork with the mallet, holding it by the base, and avoid striking it on hard surfaces to prevent damage.
- Hold the vibrating fork close to the open end of the column (without touching).
- Adjust the column length by pulling the piston until the loudest sound is heard.
- Mark the resonance point by placing a marker clip around the column where the piston is located.
- Repeat these steps until you reach the 3rd resonance mode.
- Measure the length of the air column at each resonance mode using the ruler and record the values.
- Determine the wavelength (λ) of the wave at each resonance mode.
- Calculate the speed of the sound wave using the frequency and wavelength.
- Repeat the entire process using the other three tuning forks.
Experiment Results
- Resonant frequencies of 512 Hz, 480 Hz, 426.7 Hz and 384 Hz were used
- Speed of sound calculated to be between approximately 326 ms-1 to 350 ms-1
Analysis
- Pattern of node and antinode for the 3rd resonance in a tube closed at one end starting at the closed end: NANANA
- Relationship between frequency of tuning fork and length of first resonance mode: Larger frequency corresponds to smaller length.
- The medium determines the speed of sound, which should remain constant regardless of the tuning fork's frequency.
- Variation in speed is likely due to experimental error; expected range is approximately 343-346 ms-1.
- A 256 Hz tuning fork would require a longer tube to record the 3rd resonance, because the resonance keeps increasing, potentially longer than the experimental setup allows.
Calculations
- The speed of sound at 20 °C is approximately 343 m/s
- Formula to calculate the speed of sound: v= c + (0.6)(20 degrees)
- Fundamental frequency will be given in the results as will other calculations from the experiment.
Practice Questions
- Fundamental frequency of an air column closed at one end with a length of 60 cm at 20 °C is 143 Hz.
- Length of an air column closed at one end with a fundamental frequency of 475 Hz, given a sound speed of 346 ms-1, is 0.182 m.
- Length of an air column closed at one end at the 3rd resonance using a tuning fork of 320 Hz, given the speed of sound in air is 343 ms-1, is 1.34m.
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