Podcast
Questions and Answers
Wireline logs and MWD/LWD logs provide continuous records of accurate information on stratigraphic surfaces and petrophysical properties.
Wireline logs and MWD/LWD logs provide continuous records of accurate information on stratigraphic surfaces and petrophysical properties.
True
The Composite log integrates geological columnar sections with a single petrophysical log.
The Composite log integrates geological columnar sections with a single petrophysical log.
False
CPI logs are solely evaluated manually without the use of computers.
CPI logs are solely evaluated manually without the use of computers.
False
Mathematical, statistical, and numerical techniques are essential for well-log data processing and interpretation.
Mathematical, statistical, and numerical techniques are essential for well-log data processing and interpretation.
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The primary source for reservoir property data is derived from petrophysical interpretation of porosity and water saturation.
The primary source for reservoir property data is derived from petrophysical interpretation of porosity and water saturation.
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Static data in reservoir modelling includes pressure and fluid production observed at wells.
Static data in reservoir modelling includes pressure and fluid production observed at wells.
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Integrating dynamic data with static data improves accuracy in predictions of reservoir models.
Integrating dynamic data with static data improves accuracy in predictions of reservoir models.
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Intermediate surfaces in a reservoir model help define its internal stratigraphic architecture.
Intermediate surfaces in a reservoir model help define its internal stratigraphic architecture.
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Faults are disregarded in reservoir modelling when analysing fluid flow.
Faults are disregarded in reservoir modelling when analysing fluid flow.
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Inconsistencies in input data during modelling will not affect the final results or intermediate steps.
Inconsistencies in input data during modelling will not affect the final results or intermediate steps.
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Dynamic data used in reservoir modelling can change over time.
Dynamic data used in reservoir modelling can change over time.
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Quality of input data is a secondary concern in reservoir modelling projects.
Quality of input data is a secondary concern in reservoir modelling projects.
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The geometry of a reservoir model is defined using a polygon to show the lateral extension of the model.
The geometry of a reservoir model is defined using a polygon to show the lateral extension of the model.
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Well data represents a small investigation volume for the reservoir being modelled.
Well data represents a small investigation volume for the reservoir being modelled.
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Seismic data provide detailed measurements of small-scale reservoir characteristics.
Seismic data provide detailed measurements of small-scale reservoir characteristics.
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Core derived data can provide information about sedimentology and petrophysical properties.
Core derived data can provide information about sedimentology and petrophysical properties.
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Dynamic data is derived solely from seismic surveys.
Dynamic data is derived solely from seismic surveys.
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The Kick-off Point (KOP) is the depth at which a well is first straightened from the vertical.
The Kick-off Point (KOP) is the depth at which a well is first straightened from the vertical.
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Directional drilling is used to create wells with very steep inclinations, specifically over 85°.
Directional drilling is used to create wells with very steep inclinations, specifically over 85°.
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The total depth (TD) of a well indicates how far the well extends vertically.
The total depth (TD) of a well indicates how far the well extends vertically.
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Vertical wells are typically defined as those with an inclination over 10°.
Vertical wells are typically defined as those with an inclination over 10°.
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Study Notes
Reservoir Modelling: Input Data
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Reservoir modeling uses two main types of data:
- Static data (e.g., core samples, well logs, seismic interpretations)
- Dynamic data (e.g., pressure, fluid production observed at wells)
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Integrating both static and dynamic data improves reservoir model quality.
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Data integration benefits reservoir engineers. This allows better reservoir simulation and management.
Importance of Data Integration
- Increased accuracy in predictions
- Enhanced risk assessment
- Improved decision making in resource management
Reservoir Model Geometry Data
- Reservoir model geometry is defined by polygons specifying the lateral extent of the model.
- The model's top and base surfaces define the vertical positions and thickness of the reservoir.
- Intermediate surfaces are sometimes needed to define internal stratigraphic architecture.
- These surfaces can come from seismic interpretations or mapping formation markers from wells and stratigraphic correlations.
Fault Data
- Faults influencing fluid flow are essential inputs for defining faulted model frameworks.
- Fault information is often obtained from seismic interpretations.
Petrophysical Property Data
- Petrophysical properties model data, such as properties, are usually obtained from petrophysical analysis of well logs and cores.
Dynamic Data
- Dynamic data changes over time.
- Examples: pressures, liquid and gas production rates can be used to model a reservoir.
Data Collection & Management
- Data management is crucial for modeling projects.
- The quality of input data directly impacts the final results.
- Inconsistencies in input data will become apparent during intermediate modeling steps.
Primary Data Types
- Well data: direct sampling from cores, indirect measurements from logs (facies and fluids), and modern image logs.
- Seismic data: provides information on large-scale reservoir geometry.
- Dynamic data: from well tests, historical production figures.
Well Data: Core Data
- Core plugs or entire core sections are used.
- This data provides detailed information about:
- Sedimentology
- Petrography
- Depositional environments
- Porosity
- Permeability
- Grain density
- Fluid shows
- Petrophysical core-to-log calibration
Well Data: Wellbore Path
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Wellbore path data is calculated from survey data.
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The data is stored in the database.
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The data illustrates the trajectory of the well in 3D space.
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Essential components:
- Directional coordinates
- True vertical depth (TVD)
- Total depth (TD)
- Kick-off point (KOP)
- End of Build-up point (EOB) / Landing point
Well Logs and MWD/LWD Logs
- Continuous, high-resolution records of information.
- Facies types, stratigraphic surfaces, and measurements of petrophysical properties.
- Recorded data can be graphical logs including primary measurements such as well header data.
- Composite logs integrate geological columnar section with selected petrophysical values.
Computer-Processed Interpretation (CPI) Logs
- Geological zone lithology, porosity, and resistivity logs.
- Pre-processed for modelling.
- Can be plotted and displayed as curves. ('basic input data').
- Processed logs are stored as input data for reservoir modeling.
Well Log Data Processing and Interpretation
- Involves mathematical, statistical, and numerical techniques.
- Can be carried out manual or by using computer
- Data quality is important for the end results
- Petrophysical interpretations of porosity and water saturation are fundamental sources for reservoir properties data.
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Description
Test your knowledge on reservoir modeling, focusing on the importance of integrating static and dynamic data. Understand how this integration enhances model quality and decision making in reservoir management. This quiz also covers the geometric aspects of reservoir models.
