Research Tools and Data Collection Methods

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What are tools in the context of research?

Ways of collecting data

Existing stock of knowledge

Phenomena exploration techniques

Methods used to achieve a process (correct)

What is the process of investigation in research?

Recording predefined behaviors

Conducting experiments and research

Collecting data from books by other researchers

Collecting information to make the unknown known (correct)

What is the difference between structured and unstructured observation methods?

Structured methods involve recording predefined behaviors, while unstructured methods allow investigation of uncontrolled variables (correct)

Structured methods are open-ended, while unstructured methods have predefined areas of investigation

Structured methods involve directly observing the sample of interest, while unstructured methods require data filtering

Unstructured methods require strong observer skills, while structured methods are suitable for descriptive research

What is participant observation in research?

The researcher joining the group being studied Signup and view all the answers

What is secondary data in research?

Data collected from books by other researchers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between an active-participant and a passive-participant observer?

Active-participants interact and participate in the group's activities, while passive-participants avoid involvement and observe publicly or remotely. Signup and view all the answers

In non-participant observation, what does the researcher do?

Observes from a distance without interaction, whether openly or covertly. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of structured surveys?

To have a formal list of predetermined questions guiding both the researcher and the respondent. Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of intercept interviewing as a contact method?

Prone to error and bias, with potential interviewer dis. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of personal interviewing as a contact method?

Flexible (unstructured) and good for probing and clarifying. Signup and view all the answers

What are the differences between structured and unstructured observation methods?

Structured observation involves predefined behaviors and their frequency recording, suitable for descriptive research. Unstructured observation is open-ended and allows for the investigation of uncontrolled variables. Signup and view all the answers

What are the key considerations for choosing methods of primary data collection?

The key considerations for choosing methods of primary data collection include the research question, sample size, environment, and access limitations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of participant observation in research?

The primary purpose of participant observation in research is for the researcher to join the group being studied and observe their behaviors and interactions firsthand. Signup and view all the answers

What are the differences between primary and secondary data collection methods?

Primary data collection involves firsthand data collected by the researcher through experiments and research, while secondary data collection involves data collected from other sources like books by other researchers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of investigation in research?

The process of investigation in research involves exploring facts about a phenomenon, collecting information to make the unknown known or fill gaps in previous research, and contributing to the existing stock of knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of surveys discussed in the text?

Direct and Indirect Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages and disadvantages of telephone interviewing as a contact method?

Advantages: Quick, flexible, high response rate, interviewer can explain questions. Disadvantages: Higher cost, interviewer bias, respondent resistance to personal questions, time pressure affecting data reliability. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between structured and unstructured surveys?

Structured surveys have predetermined, formal list of questions, while unstructured surveys are flexible, allowing the interviewer to probe and adapt questions based on respondent's answers. Signup and view all the answers

What are the key takeaways about the use of surveys in research, according to the text?

Surveys are a versatile tool for gathering information from a population. Choosing the right type of survey depends on the research topic and desired level of control. Signup and view all the answers

What is covert observation, and how is it achieved?

Covert observation involves hidden researcher identity and is achieved through methods like one-way mirrors, hidden cameras, or disguises. Signup and view all the answers