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Questions and Answers
What is one role of research in organizations?
What is one role of research in organizations?
What percentage of the purchase process do B2B buyers typically complete before engaging suppliers?
What percentage of the purchase process do B2B buyers typically complete before engaging suppliers?
How does research contribute to public awareness?
How does research contribute to public awareness?
What is a significant emotional aspect of purchasing decisions?
What is a significant emotional aspect of purchasing decisions?
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In what way does research act as nourishment for the mind?
In what way does research act as nourishment for the mind?
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What is the outcome of research and development in businesses?
What is the outcome of research and development in businesses?
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What is a primary aim of usage and attitude research?
What is a primary aim of usage and attitude research?
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What does integrated supply chain management involve?
What does integrated supply chain management involve?
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What characterizes pragmatic decision-making as described?
What characterizes pragmatic decision-making as described?
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Which of the following is considered an essential component of knowledge acquisition in research?
Which of the following is considered an essential component of knowledge acquisition in research?
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What is the concept of 'Empiricism' in the context of research?
What is the concept of 'Empiricism' in the context of research?
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In the scientific method, what is the first step?
In the scientific method, what is the first step?
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What does 'Skepticism' refer to in the principles of research?
What does 'Skepticism' refer to in the principles of research?
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What does the characteristic 'futurity' in decision-making refer to?
What does the characteristic 'futurity' in decision-making refer to?
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Which characteristic indicates the difficulty of reversing a decision?
Which characteristic indicates the difficulty of reversing a decision?
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If a decision has a significant impact on various areas, it should be addressed at what level?
If a decision has a significant impact on various areas, it should be addressed at what level?
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Which of the following characteristics involves social, human, and ethical factors?
Which of the following characteristics involves social, human, and ethical factors?
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What does 'periodicity' refer to in relation to decision-making?
What does 'periodicity' refer to in relation to decision-making?
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What aspect should be analyzed to understand the decision-making process better?
What aspect should be analyzed to understand the decision-making process better?
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Which stage can R&D be used in during the decision-making process?
Which stage can R&D be used in during the decision-making process?
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How should decisions that are rare be handled according to the characteristics of decisions?
How should decisions that are rare be handled according to the characteristics of decisions?
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What type of research involves data collection at multiple points in time?
What type of research involves data collection at multiple points in time?
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Which type of longitudinal study focuses on population characteristics over time?
Which type of longitudinal study focuses on population characteristics over time?
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What is the primary objective of action research?
What is the primary objective of action research?
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Which type of research aims to establish cause and effect relationships among variables?
Which type of research aims to establish cause and effect relationships among variables?
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What does classification research aim to achieve?
What does classification research aim to achieve?
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Policy-oriented research is primarily concerned with what type of question?
Policy-oriented research is primarily concerned with what type of question?
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What is the purpose of theory-building research?
What is the purpose of theory-building research?
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How does research contribute to government policies?
How does research contribute to government policies?
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What is a key characteristic of a good research problem?
What is a key characteristic of a good research problem?
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Which aspect is essential for a research problem to relate to?
Which aspect is essential for a research problem to relate to?
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What should a research problem ideally have according to available data?
What should a research problem ideally have according to available data?
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What signifies the importance of a research problem?
What signifies the importance of a research problem?
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Why is it important for a research problem to generate research questions?
Why is it important for a research problem to generate research questions?
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What should researchers consider when determining the feasibility of a research problem?
What should researchers consider when determining the feasibility of a research problem?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good research problem?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good research problem?
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What quality does a well-defined research problem possess regarding its novelty?
What quality does a well-defined research problem possess regarding its novelty?
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What should the amount of textual description depend on when presenting findings?
What should the amount of textual description depend on when presenting findings?
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What does a p-value of .03% suggest about patient dissatisfaction and postoperative care?
What does a p-value of .03% suggest about patient dissatisfaction and postoperative care?
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What is the main benefit of consolidating data into one figure?
What is the main benefit of consolidating data into one figure?
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What aspect should be considered when structuring the findings section of a research paper?
What aspect should be considered when structuring the findings section of a research paper?
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Which of the following is a component of the discussion chapter?
Which of the following is a component of the discussion chapter?
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Which question is NOT typically addressed in the discussion section of a research paper?
Which question is NOT typically addressed in the discussion section of a research paper?
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What is an important practice when presenting data findings?
What is an important practice when presenting data findings?
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Who can provide valuable insight for improving a results section?
Who can provide valuable insight for improving a results section?
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Study Notes
Research Terminology
- Research is a careful or diligent search, diligent inquiry, or examination, especially investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts.
- It's a systematic process of collecting and analyzing data.
- It's a voyage of discovery, an attitude, an experience, a method of critical thinking.
- It's a systematic effort to gain new knowledge; moving from the known to the unknown.
- Research is the act of searching (closely, and carefully) for or after a specified thing or person.
- A course of critical or scientific inquiry.
- It's the process of gathering information to answer a question and solve a problem.
- It's an art of scientific investigation to seek facts for principles.
- Research is important in any form of development.
Research and Development
- Research and development (R&D) is responsible for research, planning, and implementing new programs, protocols.
- R&D is responsible for overseeing development of new products.
- R&D impacts society by developing new knowledge, creating new markets, and new wage-earning opportunities.
- R&D helps develop the means to create and use innovations.
- Supply chain management systems are integrated partnerships among all links in the flow of goods and services.
Importance of Research in Development
- Formal research can guard against casual inquiry.
- Fundamental tendency of people to accept what we hear as facts.
- Predict future events based on causality.
- Inaccurate observations, overgeneralizations, and selective observations.
- Formal research guards against specific faults of researchers, like opinions about how things should be, misconceptions, careless or faulty methods and observations, and ego involvement.
- Important in providing a solid foundation for discovery, creation, theory building, testing, refining, and refuting knowledge, theory, investigation of problems (for local decision-making).
- Crucial to advancements.
Types of Research
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Basic research seeks to understand basic principles.
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Applied research seeks to solve practical problems.
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In any particular field, normal research is performed within a set of rules, concepts, and procedures.
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Basic research investigates basic principles and reasons for occurrences.
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Applied research is concerned with immediate applications, and provides a systematic insight and a logical explanation.
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Quantitative: Numerical (not descriptive), uses statistics, conclusive, investigates “what, where, when” in decision-making. Results presented in tables and graphs.
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Qualitative: Non-numerical (descriptive), applies reasoning, investigates “why and how” of decision-making. Qualitative data cannot be graphed.
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Mixed: Mix of quantitative and qualitative methods.
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Descriptive: Studies “what” and “how many” things occur.
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Explanatory: Aims to understand/explain relationships between phenomena/ variables.
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Longitudinal: Data collection occurs at multiple points in time.
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Cross-sectional: Data collected once during a period of time.
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Action: Improves quality of action in the social world.
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Policy-oriented: Focuses on solving or preventing specified problems.
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Causal: Establishes cause-and-effect relationships.
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Theory-testing: Tests validity of a unit of theory.
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Theory-building: Develops a theory.
Research Problem and Objectives
- A research problem is a specific issue, difficulty, contradiction, or gap in knowledge.
- Clearly state the problem clearly for readers' quick attention to the issue.
- A good research problem generates research questions based on theory.
Sources of Research Problems
- Current trends, issues, and situations
- Political and economic trends
- On-going programs and initiatives
- Deep observations (careful study), cause-and-effect (relationships)
- Awareness of social surroundings
- Reading research articles and personal experience.
Probing Research Problems
- Probing helps to generate further explanations from research participants.
- It can be achieved nonverbally or verbally with follow-up questions.
- Can be applied in individual or group interviews and focus groups.
Research Process
- Identify the research problem.
- Review the literature.
- Specify a research purpose.
- Collect data.
- Analyze and interpret data.
- Report and evaluate research
Sampling Methods
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Probability: Each member of the population has a known probability of being selected.
- Random: All members have equal chance.
- Systematic: Every nth member is selected.
- Stratified: Population is divided into strata, then random sampling from each.
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Non-probability: Members of the population don't have a known chance of selection.
- Convenience: Selecting accessible members.
- Judgment: Researcher selects sample based on judgment.
- Quota: Based on characteristics/proportions of the population.
- Snowball: Existing subjects refer new ones.
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Description
This quiz explores key terminology related to research and development. Understand the systematic processes involved in gathering and analyzing data, and discover the methodologies that drive scientific inquiry. Test your knowledge on the significance of R&D in various fields and its role in development.