Research Proposal Basics
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Questions and Answers

A case study is an example of an experimental design.

False

In a research proposal, it is essential to identify potential ethical issues and describe how to deal with them.

True

A timetable is not essential in a research proposal.

False

The references section of a research proposal is optional.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

If applying to a funding body, a budget and resources section is not necessary.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Annexes are not typically included in a research proposal.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Descriptive research design is a type of experimental design.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Non-experimental design is a type of case study.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A research proposal should not include a section on how to validate findings and methods.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A research proposal should include a section on how to show the applicability of findings.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A research proposal should provide a detailed description of the entire research process.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A research proposal excludes the introduction and background of the research.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The title of the proposal should not clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The abstract of a research proposal should be around 1000 words.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The introduction of a research proposal provides the readers with the methodology and procedure of the study.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A research proposal includes the critical review of literature or theoretical framework of the study.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The research proposal includes the statement of the problem, but not the research problems and hypotheses.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The aims and objectives of a research proposal are optional.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The methodology and procedure of the study are not essential parts of a research proposal.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A research proposal should not include the implications or significance of the problem.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

What is a Research Proposal?

  • A research proposal is a document that provides a detailed description of the intended research program.
  • It outlines the entire research process, giving a reader a summary of the information discussed in a project.
  • The objective of writing a proposal is to describe what you will do, why it should be done, how you will do it, and what you expect to result.

Essential Parts of a Research Proposal

  • Title
  • Abstract
  • Introduction and background of research
  • Statement of the problem
  • Critical review of literature or theoretical framework
  • Research problems and hypotheses (or research questions)
  • Aims and objectives
  • Methodology and procedure of the study
  • Implications or significance of the problem
  • Work schedule (timetable)
  • References
  • Budget and resources
  • Annexes

Title of the Proposal

  • Should be concise, descriptive, informative, and catchy
  • Should clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables
  • Provides the "key words" for classification and indexing of the project

Abstract

  • A brief summary of approximately 300 words
  • Summarizes all the central elements of the protocol
  • Includes the rationale, objectives, methods, populations, time frame, and expected outcomes

Introduction

  • Provides background information
  • Includes topic area, research problems (hypotheses or research questions), and significance to knowledge
  • Literature review is central to the introduction, serving two main functions:
    • Broadening the knowledge base
    • Informing methods and research design

Critical Review of Literature

  • Summarizes previous research to understand what is already known and unknown
  • Helps to eliminate replication of what has been done
  • Provides a basis for formulating research problems and deciding methodology
  • Helps to determine the significance of the proposed research

Statement of the Problem

  • Identifies gaps in the existing body of knowledge
  • Identifies unanswered questions
  • Identifies the issues that are the basis of the study
  • Develops a rationale for the study with reference to how it will fill the identified gaps

Hypotheses

  • A statement of assumptions about a phenomenon or relationship between two variables
  • A scientific study is based on hypotheses
  • Indicates the expected outcomes of the investigation
  • Should be first stated in positive form
  • Objectives of the study can be written based on the hypotheses

Aim and Objectives

  • Aim is a broad statement of what you hope to do
  • Objectives are specific and indicate the central problem of the study
  • Main objectives and sub-objectives should be clearly stated
  • Each sub-objective should address only one issue
  • Objectives should use action-oriented verbs such as "to determine", "to find out", and "to ascertain"

Methodology and Procedure of the Study

  • Outlines the entire research plan
  • Describes the sample, population, tools, and statistical analysis techniques
  • Describes how to answer research questions, carry out the research, validate findings, and show applicability

Ethical Issues

  • Identify any ethical issues that may arise during the research
  • Describe how to deal with them
  • Consider ethical issues from the viewpoint of respondents, including potential "harm"

Work Schedule

  • Set dates for completing the research
  • List operational steps and indicate the date by which each task will be completed
  • Develop a chart of timetable

References

  • Provides a list of references in the form of a bibliography
  • Includes books, journals, conference proceedings, etc.

Budget and Resources

  • Identify what is needed for the research and estimate costs
  • Consider funding body requirements or limited budget constraints

Annexes

  • Include appropriate appendixes in the proposal

Research Proposal

  • A research proposal is a document that provides a detailed description of the intended program, outlining the entire research process.

Components of a Research Proposal

  • A research proposal includes the following essential parts:
    • Title
    • Abstract
    • Introduction and background of research
    • Statement of the problem
    • Critical review of literature or theoretical framework of the study
    • Research problems and hypotheses (or research questions)
    • Aims and objectives
    • Methodology and procedure of the study
    • Implications or significance of the problem
    • Work schedule (timetable)
    • References
    • Budget and resources
    • Annexes

Title of the Proposal

  • The title should be concise, descriptive, informative, and catchy.
  • It should clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables.
  • The title provides the "key words" for classification and indexing of the project.

Abstract

  • The abstract should summarize all the central elements of the protocol, including the rationale, objectives, methods, populations, time frame, and expected outcomes.
  • It should be approximately 300 words.

Introduction

  • The introduction provides the readers with background information.

Hypotheses

  • A hypothesis is a statement of assumptions about a phenomenon or relationship between two variables that will be tested within the study.
  • A scientific study is based on hypotheses.
  • The hypothesis indicates the expected outcomes of the investigation.
  • The hypotheses should be first stated in positive form.

Aims and Objectives

  • The aim is what you hope to do, your overall intention in the project.
  • The aim is generally broad.
  • The objectives of the study should be clearly stated and specific in nature.
  • Each sub-objective should address only one issue.
  • Use action-oriented verbs such as 'to determine', 'to find out', and 'to ascertain' in formulating sub-objectives.

Objectives of the Study

  • Main objectives indicate the central problem of the study.
  • Sub-objectives identify the specific issues to be examined.
  • If the objective is to test a hypothesis, follow the convention of hypothesis formulation in wording the specific objectives.

Methodology and Procedure of the Study

  • This part of the proposal outlines the entire research plan.
  • It describes what must be done, how it will be done, what data will be needed, and how the data will be analyzed and conclusions drawn.

Literature Review

  • The literature review is of central importance in the introduction.
  • It serves two main functions:
    • Broadens your knowledge base.
    • Provides information on the methods used by others in similar situations.

Statement of the Problem

  • Identify the gaps in the existing body of knowledge.
  • Identify the unanswered questions.
  • Identify the issues that are the basis of your study.
  • Identify what knowledge is available concerning your questions.
  • Specify the differences of opinion in the literature regarding these questions if differences exist.
  • Develop a rationale for your study with particular reference to how your study will fill the identified gaps.

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Learn about the fundamentals of a research proposal, its purpose, and what it entails. Understand its importance in outlining the research process and its objectives.

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