Podcast
Questions and Answers
A case study is an example of an experimental design.
A case study is an example of an experimental design.
False
In a research proposal, it is essential to identify potential ethical issues and describe how to deal with them.
In a research proposal, it is essential to identify potential ethical issues and describe how to deal with them.
True
A timetable is not essential in a research proposal.
A timetable is not essential in a research proposal.
False
The references section of a research proposal is optional.
The references section of a research proposal is optional.
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If applying to a funding body, a budget and resources section is not necessary.
If applying to a funding body, a budget and resources section is not necessary.
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Annexes are not typically included in a research proposal.
Annexes are not typically included in a research proposal.
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Descriptive research design is a type of experimental design.
Descriptive research design is a type of experimental design.
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Non-experimental design is a type of case study.
Non-experimental design is a type of case study.
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A research proposal should not include a section on how to validate findings and methods.
A research proposal should not include a section on how to validate findings and methods.
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A research proposal should include a section on how to show the applicability of findings.
A research proposal should include a section on how to show the applicability of findings.
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A research proposal should provide a detailed description of the entire research process.
A research proposal should provide a detailed description of the entire research process.
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A research proposal excludes the introduction and background of the research.
A research proposal excludes the introduction and background of the research.
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The title of the proposal should not clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables.
The title of the proposal should not clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables.
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The abstract of a research proposal should be around 1000 words.
The abstract of a research proposal should be around 1000 words.
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The introduction of a research proposal provides the readers with the methodology and procedure of the study.
The introduction of a research proposal provides the readers with the methodology and procedure of the study.
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A research proposal includes the critical review of literature or theoretical framework of the study.
A research proposal includes the critical review of literature or theoretical framework of the study.
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The research proposal includes the statement of the problem, but not the research problems and hypotheses.
The research proposal includes the statement of the problem, but not the research problems and hypotheses.
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The aims and objectives of a research proposal are optional.
The aims and objectives of a research proposal are optional.
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The methodology and procedure of the study are not essential parts of a research proposal.
The methodology and procedure of the study are not essential parts of a research proposal.
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A research proposal should not include the implications or significance of the problem.
A research proposal should not include the implications or significance of the problem.
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Study Notes
What is a Research Proposal?
- A research proposal is a document that provides a detailed description of the intended research program.
- It outlines the entire research process, giving a reader a summary of the information discussed in a project.
- The objective of writing a proposal is to describe what you will do, why it should be done, how you will do it, and what you expect to result.
Essential Parts of a Research Proposal
- Title
- Abstract
- Introduction and background of research
- Statement of the problem
- Critical review of literature or theoretical framework
- Research problems and hypotheses (or research questions)
- Aims and objectives
- Methodology and procedure of the study
- Implications or significance of the problem
- Work schedule (timetable)
- References
- Budget and resources
- Annexes
Title of the Proposal
- Should be concise, descriptive, informative, and catchy
- Should clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables
- Provides the "key words" for classification and indexing of the project
Abstract
- A brief summary of approximately 300 words
- Summarizes all the central elements of the protocol
- Includes the rationale, objectives, methods, populations, time frame, and expected outcomes
Introduction
- Provides background information
- Includes topic area, research problems (hypotheses or research questions), and significance to knowledge
- Literature review is central to the introduction, serving two main functions:
- Broadening the knowledge base
- Informing methods and research design
Critical Review of Literature
- Summarizes previous research to understand what is already known and unknown
- Helps to eliminate replication of what has been done
- Provides a basis for formulating research problems and deciding methodology
- Helps to determine the significance of the proposed research
Statement of the Problem
- Identifies gaps in the existing body of knowledge
- Identifies unanswered questions
- Identifies the issues that are the basis of the study
- Develops a rationale for the study with reference to how it will fill the identified gaps
Hypotheses
- A statement of assumptions about a phenomenon or relationship between two variables
- A scientific study is based on hypotheses
- Indicates the expected outcomes of the investigation
- Should be first stated in positive form
- Objectives of the study can be written based on the hypotheses
Aim and Objectives
- Aim is a broad statement of what you hope to do
- Objectives are specific and indicate the central problem of the study
- Main objectives and sub-objectives should be clearly stated
- Each sub-objective should address only one issue
- Objectives should use action-oriented verbs such as "to determine", "to find out", and "to ascertain"
Methodology and Procedure of the Study
- Outlines the entire research plan
- Describes the sample, population, tools, and statistical analysis techniques
- Describes how to answer research questions, carry out the research, validate findings, and show applicability
Ethical Issues
- Identify any ethical issues that may arise during the research
- Describe how to deal with them
- Consider ethical issues from the viewpoint of respondents, including potential "harm"
Work Schedule
- Set dates for completing the research
- List operational steps and indicate the date by which each task will be completed
- Develop a chart of timetable
References
- Provides a list of references in the form of a bibliography
- Includes books, journals, conference proceedings, etc.
Budget and Resources
- Identify what is needed for the research and estimate costs
- Consider funding body requirements or limited budget constraints
Annexes
- Include appropriate appendixes in the proposal
Research Proposal
- A research proposal is a document that provides a detailed description of the intended program, outlining the entire research process.
Components of a Research Proposal
- A research proposal includes the following essential parts:
- Title
- Abstract
- Introduction and background of research
- Statement of the problem
- Critical review of literature or theoretical framework of the study
- Research problems and hypotheses (or research questions)
- Aims and objectives
- Methodology and procedure of the study
- Implications or significance of the problem
- Work schedule (timetable)
- References
- Budget and resources
- Annexes
Title of the Proposal
- The title should be concise, descriptive, informative, and catchy.
- It should clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables.
- The title provides the "key words" for classification and indexing of the project.
Abstract
- The abstract should summarize all the central elements of the protocol, including the rationale, objectives, methods, populations, time frame, and expected outcomes.
- It should be approximately 300 words.
Introduction
- The introduction provides the readers with background information.
Hypotheses
- A hypothesis is a statement of assumptions about a phenomenon or relationship between two variables that will be tested within the study.
- A scientific study is based on hypotheses.
- The hypothesis indicates the expected outcomes of the investigation.
- The hypotheses should be first stated in positive form.
Aims and Objectives
- The aim is what you hope to do, your overall intention in the project.
- The aim is generally broad.
- The objectives of the study should be clearly stated and specific in nature.
- Each sub-objective should address only one issue.
- Use action-oriented verbs such as 'to determine', 'to find out', and 'to ascertain' in formulating sub-objectives.
Objectives of the Study
- Main objectives indicate the central problem of the study.
- Sub-objectives identify the specific issues to be examined.
- If the objective is to test a hypothesis, follow the convention of hypothesis formulation in wording the specific objectives.
Methodology and Procedure of the Study
- This part of the proposal outlines the entire research plan.
- It describes what must be done, how it will be done, what data will be needed, and how the data will be analyzed and conclusions drawn.
Literature Review
- The literature review is of central importance in the introduction.
- It serves two main functions:
- Broadens your knowledge base.
- Provides information on the methods used by others in similar situations.
Statement of the Problem
- Identify the gaps in the existing body of knowledge.
- Identify the unanswered questions.
- Identify the issues that are the basis of your study.
- Identify what knowledge is available concerning your questions.
- Specify the differences of opinion in the literature regarding these questions if differences exist.
- Develop a rationale for your study with particular reference to how your study will fill the identified gaps.
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Description
Learn about the fundamentals of a research proposal, its purpose, and what it entails. Understand its importance in outlining the research process and its objectives.
