Research Methods: Testing Effect and Statistical Regression
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where extremely high scores become lower and extremely low scores become higher during post-testing?

  • Mortality/Attrition
  • Statistical Regression (correct)
  • Testing effect
  • Selection Bias
  • What type of bias occurs when participants are chosen for different treatment groups based on different criteria?

  • Selection Bias (correct)
  • Statistical Regression
  • Testing effect
  • Mortality/Attrition
  • What is the term for the differential loss of participants from various comparison groups in an experiment?

  • Testing effect
  • Selection Bias
  • Statistical Regression
  • Mortality/Attrition (correct)
  • What is an example of a participant effect as an extraneous variable?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when experimental groups are selected and are maturing at different rates?

    <p>Selection by maturation interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may the scores of extremely heavy smokers, selected for education to reduce smoking, change during post-testing?

    <p>Due to Statistical Regression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of matching by holding confound variables constant in a study?

    <p>To eliminate the effect of a confounding variable on the outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which areas of psychology is survey method almost never used?

    <p>Cognitive psychology or psychophysics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of matching by equating participants in a study?

    <p>To eliminate the effect of extraneous variables on the outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major limitation of the non-equivalent control group design?

    <p>The groups are not equivalent, which can lead to confounding variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the strengths of survey method?

    <p>It can be used to predict behaviour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of mail survey?

    <p>The return rate is usually low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an extraneous variable that might need to be controlled for in a study on TV violence?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of pretesting in the non-equivalent pretest-posttest design?

    <p>To measure the dependent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of survey is most useful when a researcher needs to use a larger sample and/or the questionnaire is lengthy?

    <p>Mail survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of building the extraneous variable into the study design?

    <p>To isolate the effect of the extraneous variable from the other independent variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the non-equivalent control group design, what is the effect of stress management on hypertensive patients an example of?

    <p>A quasi-experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major difference between a true experiment and a quasi-experiment?

    <p>The use of random assignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to control for extraneous variables in a study?

    <p>To ensure a more accurate comparison between groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of group administration?

    <p>Participants may not treat the questionnaire with the seriousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential problem with the non-equivalent pretest-posttest design?

    <p>Differences between the groups may be due to initial differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of internet survey?

    <p>The researcher can reach a large number of potential participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the non-equivalent control group design similar to the true experiment posttest-only design?

    <p>Both designs measure the dependent variable only once</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major variable in Developmental Research Designs?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of Cross-Sectional Study?

    <p>It can be conducted quickly and easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key limitation of Cross-Sectional Study?

    <p>Participants who are tested are of different cohorts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a Longitudinal Study?

    <p>A single group of participants is followed over a period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common example of a study using a Cross-Sectional design?

    <p>Investigating how intelligence varies with age by testing participants of different ages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Longitudinal Studies generally consider more effective than Cross-Sectional Studies?

    <p>Studying participants over a long period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

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