Research Methods: Testing Effect and Statistical Regression
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where extremely high scores become lower and extremely low scores become higher during post-testing?

  • Mortality/Attrition
  • Statistical Regression (correct)
  • Testing effect
  • Selection Bias

What type of bias occurs when participants are chosen for different treatment groups based on different criteria?

  • Selection Bias (correct)
  • Statistical Regression
  • Testing effect
  • Mortality/Attrition

What is the term for the differential loss of participants from various comparison groups in an experiment?

  • Testing effect
  • Selection Bias
  • Statistical Regression
  • Mortality/Attrition (correct)

What is an example of a participant effect as an extraneous variable?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when experimental groups are selected and are maturing at different rates?

<p>Selection by maturation interaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why may the scores of extremely heavy smokers, selected for education to reduce smoking, change during post-testing?

<p>Due to Statistical Regression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of matching by holding confound variables constant in a study?

<p>To eliminate the effect of a confounding variable on the outcome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which areas of psychology is survey method almost never used?

<p>Cognitive psychology or psychophysics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of matching by equating participants in a study?

<p>To eliminate the effect of extraneous variables on the outcome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major limitation of the non-equivalent control group design?

<p>The groups are not equivalent, which can lead to confounding variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the strengths of survey method?

<p>It can be used to predict behaviour (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of mail survey?

<p>The return rate is usually low (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an extraneous variable that might need to be controlled for in a study on TV violence?

<p>Age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pretesting in the non-equivalent pretest-posttest design?

<p>To measure the dependent variable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of survey is most useful when a researcher needs to use a larger sample and/or the questionnaire is lengthy?

<p>Mail survey (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of building the extraneous variable into the study design?

<p>To isolate the effect of the extraneous variable from the other independent variables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the non-equivalent control group design, what is the effect of stress management on hypertensive patients an example of?

<p>A quasi-experiment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major difference between a true experiment and a quasi-experiment?

<p>The use of random assignment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to control for extraneous variables in a study?

<p>To ensure a more accurate comparison between groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of group administration?

<p>Participants may not treat the questionnaire with the seriousness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential problem with the non-equivalent pretest-posttest design?

<p>Differences between the groups may be due to initial differences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of internet survey?

<p>The researcher can reach a large number of potential participants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the non-equivalent control group design similar to the true experiment posttest-only design?

<p>Both designs measure the dependent variable only once (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major variable in Developmental Research Designs?

<p>Age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of Cross-Sectional Study?

<p>It can be conducted quickly and easily (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key limitation of Cross-Sectional Study?

<p>Participants who are tested are of different cohorts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a Longitudinal Study?

<p>A single group of participants is followed over a period of time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common example of a study using a Cross-Sectional design?

<p>Investigating how intelligence varies with age by testing participants of different ages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Longitudinal Studies generally consider more effective than Cross-Sectional Studies?

<p>Studying participants over a long period of time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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