Podcast
Questions and Answers
What distinguishes nominal variables from ordinal variables?
What distinguishes nominal variables from ordinal variables?
- Nominal variables measure distances between categories, while ordinal variables do not.
- Nominal variables can be ranked, while ordinal variables cannot.
- Nominal variables are always numeric, while ordinal variables are always non-numeric.
- Nominal variables consist of categories that have no relation, while ordinal variables can be ranked. (correct)
Which statement best describes causation?
Which statement best describes causation?
- Causation happens when one variable causes a change in another. (correct)
- Causation refers to any observed relationship between variables.
- Causation occurs when two variables are correlated.
- Causation indicates a spurious relationship between variables.
What is a characteristic of a longitudinal study?
What is a characteristic of a longitudinal study?
- It provides a snapshot of different variables.
- It assesses only expert opinions on the subjects.
- It tracks changes in the same population over time. (correct)
- It examines changes at a single moment in time.
Which type of analysis focuses on predicting future behavior based on message characteristics?
Which type of analysis focuses on predicting future behavior based on message characteristics?
In research, what defines a trend study?
In research, what defines a trend study?
Flashcards
Nominal Variable
Nominal Variable
A type of variable where categories have no inherent order or ranking. Think of them as distinct groups with no numerical relationship.
Ordinal Variable
Ordinal Variable
Categories can be ranked but the differences between them are not equal or known. Think of them as ordered groups with unclear gaps.
Interval/Ratio Variable
Interval/Ratio Variable
Categories have a consistent and meaningful distance between them, allowing for mathematical calculations. Think of them as ordered groups with known and equal gaps.
Correlation vs. Causation
Correlation vs. Causation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Spurious Relationship
Spurious Relationship
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Types of Variables
- Nominal variables (Categorical variables): Categories have no inherent order or relationship.
- Ordinal variables: Categories can be ranked, but the differences between ranks are not necessarily equal.
- Interval/ratio variables: Units exist and distances between categories are identical.
Relationships Between Variables
- Correlation: A relationship where variables change together.
- Causation: One variable directly influences the change in another.
- Spurious relationships: A relationship between two variables that appears to exist but is actually caused by a third factor.
Research Designs
- Cross-sectional study: Observes a single point in time.
- Longitudinal study: Tracks patterns over time.
- Trend study: Tracks changes in a population over time.
- Panel study: Follows the same individuals over time.
Research Objectives
- Descriptive research: Describes characteristics of a message and its context.
- Explanatory research: Investigates the meaning and impact of messages.
- Predictive research: Forecasts future behavior based on messages.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
