Research Methods in Psychology

A team of researchers conducts an investigation into whether small incentives can encourage older adults to stop smoking. They publish their findings in a peer-reviewed journal. A newspaper then runs an article about their published findings. Using this scenario, please answer the following questions:

Question The journal article is a _____ source.

Primary (correct)

Secondary

Tertiary

Quaternary

A team of researchers conducts an investigation into whether small incentives can encourage older adults to stop smoking. They publish their findings in a peer-reviewed journal. A newspaper then runs an article about their published findings. Using this scenario, please answer the following questions:

Question The newspaper article is an example of a _____ source.

Primary

Secondary (correct)

Tertiary

Quaternary

A health educator that is interested in better understanding and prioritizing the health needs of a population may want to conduct this type of assessment.

Capacity

Asset-based

Needs (correct)

Outcomes

A logic model can:

Change underlying assumptions Signup and view all the answers

Phase 1 of PRECEDE–PROCEED includes all of the following except:

Considering enabling factors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true of Figure 10.1?

It is positively skewed Signup and view all the answers

Common elements of a program proposal include an abstract, project plan, budget, and:

A and C Signup and view all the answers

SCENARIO for QUESTIONS 8 and 9:

A health educator is approached by a technology company about implementing its program, which uses tablets to deliver educational content to seniors in their homes to reduce social isolation and loneliness.

Question What would be the first question the health educator should consider before adopting the technology into the intervention?

Will the technology be acceptable to or wanted by the population? Signup and view all the answers

SCENARIO for QUESTIONS 8 and 9:

A health educator is approached by a technology company about implementing its program, which uses tablets to deliver educational content to seniors in their homes to reduce social isolation and loneliness.

Question In this project, the app has provisions for those with loss of vision or hearing to enable them to participate in the program. Additionally, the program does not require seniors to leave their homes, so it is inclusive of those who have physical limitations that make travel difficult. These tablets are also being provided at little or no cost to low-income seniors. These accommodations are examples of what ethical principle?

Equity Signup and view all the answers

A health educator is interested in understanding rates of childhood obesity in their community. They are utilizing data collected by federal, state, and local health departments, as well as data from their local hospitals and health organizations. What source of data is the health educator currently utilizing?

Secondary Signup and view all the answers

According to Bloom’s Taxonomy, which classification of skills includes the ability to define, describe, label, or state?

Knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Jane Doe, PhD, Principal Investigator (effort = 3 calendar months). Dr. Doe will be responsible for the overall coordination and supervision of all aspects of the study, including hiring, training, and supervising staff/students; recruiting study participants; coordinating treatment and assessment components; scheduling and staff assignments; and data management. Additionally, she will conduct the training sessions, assist with statistical analysis, and be responsible for reporting the project’s findings.

This is an example of a:

Budget justification Signup and view all the answers

Creating messages specifically aimed at an individual based on their particular characteristics is called:

Tailoring Signup and view all the answers

The nonprofit professional organization that credentials health education professionals and students in both the United States and internationally is:

SOPHE Signup and view all the answers

A health educator tasked with reducing motor vehicle accidents discovers that federal funds have been made available to add bike lanes to major roads. These funds would be an example of what kind of factor?

Enabling Signup and view all the answers

ll of the following are strategies of plain language writing except:

Using passive voice Signup and view all the answers

This tool can help with program planning and evaluation by depicting the inputs, activities, outputs, and short- and long-term outcomes.

Logic model Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct order of the PROCEED model for public health planning?

Implementation, process evaluation, impact evaluation, outcome evaluation Signup and view all the answers

A health education specialist encounters a client with his family in the local grocery store. While they are all talking, the educator asks the client how he is responding to his diabetes medication. The health educator has violated which of the following responsibilities of the Health Education Profession’s Code of Ethics?

Confidentiality Signup and view all the answers

An important distinction between program evaluation and research is that evaluation:

Is not intended to be generalizable to a wider population Signup and view all the answers

In the United States in 2020, where did heart disease rank in the causes of mortality for the following groups:

Individuals between the ages of 55 and 64

All individuals in total

<ol> <li>Second, 2. First</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following interventions is the best example of primary prevention?

Immunization Signup and view all the answers

SCENARIO for QUESTIONS 23 and 24:

A heath education specialist is designing a program for residents in a low-income area. A needs assessment has shown those residents have lower-than-average rates of annual flu vaccination. The educator decides to hold a flu shot clinic, and residents who get a flu shot will be given $500.

Question This incentive could be called into question because it could be considered:

Coercive Signup and view all the answers

SCENARIO for QUESTIONS 23 and 24:

A heath education specialist is designing a program for residents in a low-income area. A needs assessment has shown those residents have lower-than-average rates of annual flu vaccination. The educator decides to hold a flu shot clinic, and residents who get a flu shot will be given $500.

Question In this scenario, the educator would be violating which of the following responsibilities for health education practice?

Ethical Signup and view all the answers

_____ statistics make predictions about a population based on a sample of data taken from the population in question.

Inferential Signup and view all the answers

Logic models can be constructed

Left-to-right or right-to-left Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aims to find evidence of disease early to reduce morbidity and mortality?

Secondary prevention Signup and view all the answers

Question By December 31, 62 Senators will have voted for the “Support Public Health Funding Act” is an example of a(n):

Advocacy objective Signup and view all the answers

Voting registration drives and developing a press release in support of a bill are examples of:

Advocacy strategies Signup and view all the answers

The duration of the study, the potential risks and benefits, and the requirements of the study are all pieces of information necessary for:

Informed consent Signup and view all the answers

Periodic data collection to ensure that advocacy programs are being implemented as they were intended is called:

Fidelity monitoring Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a learning objective?

D.The conference attendee will be able to demonstrate how to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Signup and view all the answers

Cochrane Reviews, The Community Guide, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Innovations Exchange are good sources of:

Evidence-based programs Signup and view all the answers

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Evaluation Framework begins with:

Engaging stakeholders Signup and view all the answers

A systematic application of audits, checks, and corrections to ensure that strategies and methods during program implementation are of the highest quality possible is also called:

Quality assurance Signup and view all the answers

When designing health communication campaigns, which is the correct order to plan and implement a campaign?

Assess needs, write goals/objectives, choose channel(s), implement, evaluate Signup and view all the answers

According to Figure 10.2, in 2001, which of the following was true?

The smoking rate for male children and adults aged 18 to 44 was essentially the same Signup and view all the answers

According to Figure 10.2, during the period of 2005 to 2009, seniors (65 years and over) experienced:

A brief uptick in smoking rates in males, followed by a return to baseline Signup and view all the answers

According to Figure 10.2, who had the lowest rate of smoking in 2007?

Women over the age of 65 Signup and view all the answers

When creating materials for grassroots lobbying efforts, SMOG, Flesch–Kincaid, and Gunning Fog are all examples of tools to assess:

Reading level Signup and view all the answers

“In the next 2 years, there will be a 30% increase in the number of new parents who say they intend to vaccinate their babies on time” is an example of a:

Behavioral objective Signup and view all the answers

_ reflects a measurement tool’s ability to measure a variable consistently and _ reflects a measurement’s tool to measure what it is supposed to measure.

Reliability/validity Signup and view all the answers

The type of evaluation that measures whether an advocacy campaign has resulted in the desired change is called:

Outcome Signup and view all the answers

Perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and perceived benefits are all constructs in which theory or model?

Health Belief Model Signup and view all the answers

A health educator is teaching a class on how to preserve food from a community garden through pressure canning. They want to make sure that the participants have correctly understood the procedure. Which of the following is a technique for assessing whether the participants learned the skill?

Teach back Signup and view all the answers

Flip charts, models, audiovisual presentations, and movies are all examples of what kind of media a health educator might employ during advocacy work?

Educational Signup and view all the answers

A health education specialist is designing a social media campaign to increase breastfeeding initiation in young women of color. The best group to work with to design, pretest, and refine messages would be:

Young women of color Signup and view all the answers

Cultural competency, the ability to navigate systems, and functional literacy are all components of:

Health literacy Signup and view all the answers

A food bank provides funding to local food vendors to enable them to provide fresh produce to residents in a food desert. Which of the following would be considered a medium-term outcome for this project?

Patrons purchase more fresh fruits and vegetables Signup and view all the answers

A legislator has become convinced of the need to take action on stabilizing the price of certain pharmaceutical prices. They direct their staff to begin drafting legislation on the matter. What Stage of Change are they in?

Preparation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true of communicating across cultures?

Self-reflection is necessary for developing better communication practices Signup and view all the answers

One way that program monitoring differs from other kinds of evaluation efforts, such as outcome evaluation studies, is that program monitoring is:

Continuous throughout the program Signup and view all the answers

A health education specialist working at a university implements a campaign to reduce underage drinking. The campaign is focused on changing the perception that all college students binge drink on the weekend and instead communicating that most college students do not drink or drink moderately on the weekend. This campaign is based on which construct from Social Cognitive Theory?

Observational learning Signup and view all the answers

A broad, future-oriented statement reflecting an aspirational aim of a program or organization is called a:

Vision statement Signup and view all the answers

In a logic model, “staff,” “funding,” and “a swimming pool” would be considered:

Inputs Signup and view all the answers

In a logic model, the creation of “swimming classes” and “a website for participants to log the number of hours they swim” would be a considered:

Outputs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about program goals and objectives?

They should be determined at the beginning of the planning process Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a framework for program evaluation?

EBMR Signup and view all the answers

A health educator needs to identify a nutritional training program for school staff who have had an influx of refugees into the school district. The school board has authorized funding for the training modality the health educator feels is most appropriate, so cost is not a limiting factor, but coordinating staff schedules has proved difficult. Which of the following options would be the best for the health educator to select?

A 1-hour asynchronous online module on developing a strengths-based approach to school–family relationships Signup and view all the answers

In developing a campaign to get men to see their primary care physicians for regular health screenings, you find that their wives are often the ones who make their husband’s doctor appointments. You decide to speak to a local women’s group on the importance of men’s healthcare. In this case, which kind of audience are the women?

Secondary Signup and view all the answers

When collecting primary data, which of the following survey methods is likely to be the most expensive?

In-person interview Signup and view all the answers

A woman is considering quitting smoking, but is very sure that if she does so, she will gain weight. A health educator using the Theory of Planned Behavior would have to influence which construct to address this concern?

Attitude Signup and view all the answers

A program evaluator is concluding an evaluation of a program that assessed fall hazards in seniors’ homes as part of a local meal delivery program. The program determined that there was a significant need for retrofitting bathrooms to improve safety. As they conclude the evaluation, what should be their last step in this project?

Share the results at community meetings and with local stakeholders Signup and view all the answers

If a health problem is highly changeable and highly important to the population, which strategy should a health education specialist employ?

Health education Signup and view all the answers

A _____ is a visual that helps to present all the tasks that need to be completed as part of program implementation, such as inputs, major activities, due dates, and outputs.

Gantt chart Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are important concepts in social marketing except:

Comprehensiveness Signup and view all the answers

A health educator is hired to lobby Congress to raise taxes on junk food and use the revenue to lower the price of fruits and vegetables. Which form of communication would be most likely to gain the desired outcome?

Face-to-face meetings Signup and view all the answers

A health education specialist who can identify, articulate, and translate an understanding of the mission, vision, values, beliefs, and ethics of an organization is exhibiting:

B.Sense of mission Signup and view all the answers

The following are all generally components of an operational budget except:

In-kind donations Signup and view all the answers

A good data analysis and reporting plan will:

A and B Signup and view all the answers

SCENARIO for QUESTIONS 71 and 72:

A review of vital records shows a worrisome uptick in fatal car accidents. Upon further research, it is revealed that a high proportion of fatal car crashes involve drivers playing a new type of game on their smartphone while driving. A needs assessment shows that most people have never considered the particular risk of this behavior, and news has not spread of the number of crashes it caused.

Question What would be the first intervention a health educator should try to reduce the number of people playing this new game while driving?

Education Signup and view all the answers

SCENARIO for QUESTIONS 71 and 72:

A review of vital records shows a worrisome uptick in fatal car accidents. Upon further research, it is revealed that a high proportion of fatal car crashes involve drivers playing a new type of game on their smartphone while driving. A needs assessment shows that most people have never considered the particular risk of this behavior, and news has not spread of the number of crashes it caused.

Question What would be the type of intervention a health educator might advocate after a variety of educational and persuasive techniques showed little impact on lowering the number of drivers still playing the game, and causing car crashes?

Legislation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following questions would help a health educator who is assessing needs for a new policy?

Who is having this problem? Signup and view all the answers

SCENARIO for QUESTIONS 74 and 75:

A large rural school district has struggled with low vaccination rates due to parental resistance and preferences for “natural” treatments. Recently, an unvaccinated child returned from travel abroad and became sick with measles, leading to an outbreak in a local elementary school.

Question A group of parents started an online campaign encouraging other parents in the district to email or call the school board and their local representatives, asking them to enact strict requirements for vaccination to attend schools. The parent group’s actions are an example of:

Media advocacy Signup and view all the answers

SCENARIO for QUESTIONS 74 and 75:

A large rural school district has struggled with low vaccination rates due to parental resistance and preferences for “natural” treatments. Recently, an unvaccinated child returned from travel abroad and became sick with measles, leading to an outbreak in a local elementary school.

Question The parent group forms a nonprofit organization and hires a health educator to lead their advocacy efforts. The group is preparing to go to their state’s legislature to speak to their representatives to request the state laws be changed to strengthen vaccine requirements for school. Which of the following is the most important thing for the health educator to include in the fact sheet they are preparing for the group to distribute at the State House?

The drop in standardized test scores following the outbreak Signup and view all the answers

This type of data collection method involves conducting interviews with stakeholders who have specific expertise on a health topic or problem area of interest.

Key informant Signup and view all the answers

The “M” in SMART objective stands for:

Measurable Signup and view all the answers

What are the “4 Ps” of social marketing?

Product, price, place, and promotion Signup and view all the answers

According to the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, which of the following groups of people are the first to adopt a behavior?

Innovators Signup and view all the answers

A student health program at a large university has hired a health educator to propose a health promotion program. The first thing the health educator should do is:

Talk to students about their health concerns Signup and view all the answers

_____ is the activity by which a person with specialized knowledge and skills is paid to help another person or organization make better decisions or plans.

Consulting Signup and view all the answers

Perceived threat of a disease, perceived barriers, and cues to action are all constructs from which theory or model?

Health Belief Model Signup and view all the answers

In a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis, opportunities, and threats are:

Outside your control Signup and view all the answers

This process involves identifying needs, setting priorities, examining causes of problems, determining and allocating resources, and exploring barriers to achieving objectives.

Program planning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct order of steps to take to develop a focus group?

Determine the objectives of the focus group> Determine the focus group questions to be asked> Determine a data analysis plan> Recruit participants Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of survey data?

Geographical limitations Signup and view all the answers

An owner of a medium-sized manufacturing plant is interested in beginning a worksite health promotion program. Which of the following is a true statement about using focus groups to develop a needs assessment?

Even if you design, recruit, and analyze your focus groups well, you may need additional needs assessment information Signup and view all the answers

Data that are sorted into categories (such as gender) are considered what type of data?

Nominal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a document that indicates shared interest and broadly lays out an intended common line of action, but is NOT legally binding?

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Signup and view all the answers

The social determinates of health include all but the following:

Exposure to toxic substances Signup and view all the answers

Lecture, brainstorming, coaching, debates, and role-playing are all examples of:

Teaching strategies Signup and view all the answers

A health educator plans a training to help parents of children diagnosed with rare diseases lobby for funding to research their children’s conditions. The health educator would choose to employ a pretest–posttest evaluation strategy to assess which of the following from the training?

Change in knowledge Signup and view all the answers

The first step in program planning is:

Assessing existing health needs and problems Signup and view all the answers

A _____ is typically concerned with monitoring fidelity in terms of program inputs, outputs, activities, and overall program implementation efforts.

Process evaluation Signup and view all the answers

The Hierarchy of Effects Model lists the steps through which behavior change happens in which order?

Change of attitude, acquisition of skills, short-term retention of information, long-term retention of information, decision-making, reinforcement of behavior, maintenance of behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential element of a quasi-experimental design?

Randomization Signup and view all the answers

When planning a program for a local nonprofit, which of the following should be most important to a health education specialist?

Needs assessment data Signup and view all the answers

If a survey question measures what it is intended to measure, it is:

Valid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would NOT be a consideration for assessing whether an intervention caused an outcome?

Correlation Signup and view all the answers

The data collection approach that often yields the most helpful information to program planners, while balancing efficiency and generalizability with the ability to explore needs of subgroups within a population, is:

Mixed methods Signup and view all the answers

Effective health communication messages should be all of the following except:

Capricious Signup and view all the answers

A small nonprofit devoted to helping adults with mental disabilities live as independently as possible has decided to use volunteers to help drive program participants to work-training programs. Which of the following would be the most likely concern for using volunteer labor in this capacity?

The costs of training volunteers to transport participants in such a way as to satisfy liability concerns Signup and view all the answers

An owner of a medium-sized manufacturing plant is interested in beginning a worksite health promotion program. Which of the following are likely to be of least interest to the owner when evaluating outcomes?

Employee leisure-time activities Signup and view all the answers

Healthy People 2030 describes _____ as “the conditions and the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks.”

Social determinates of health Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

In-depth interviews Signup and view all the answers

The six broad categories, from most to least individual, common to the Social Ecological Model are:

Innate, intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community, public policy Signup and view all the answers

The study design generally perceived as having the most convincing evidence that an intervention caused an outcome is:

Randomized control study Signup and view all the answers

A community is addressing heart disease by implementing a number of new initiatives including: holding healthy eating and exercise classes, promoting community gardening groups, establishing farmers markets that accept food stamps, and banning the use of trans-fatty acids in restaurant food. Which theory or model has likely influenced the development of this campaign?

Social Ecological Model Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be the most important group of individuals to advise a health educator interested in reducing drunk driving in the Midwest?

Young men who have been convicted of driving under the influence (DUI) Signup and view all the answers

The Social Ecological Model assumes that health and well-being are affected by _____ of multiple determinates including biology, behavior, the environment, and policy.

Interactions Signup and view all the answers

A health educator needs to recruit new volunteers for a grassroots advocacy program. Which of the following techniques is likely to be the most effective?

Extending personal invitations through program staff, stakeholders, or clients Signup and view all the answers

_____ uses principles such as audience segmentation and cost-effectiveness to plan, implement, and evaluate how health education programs can bring about behavioral change.

Social Marketing Signup and view all the answers

Data collected by a researcher for the sake of informing a specific project is called:

Primary Signup and view all the answers

A health educator has been hired to lead a community group through a strategic planning process. What would be an appropriate first step to take?

Convene a steering committee Signup and view all the answers

Addressing a participant in communication materials by name, and including details specific to that individual’s knowledge, attitudes, and preferences, is an example of what kind of health communication?

Tailored Signup and view all the answers

Preparing for a large-scale health education campaign—including conducting formative research, developing and testing materials, and preparing for implementation—takes approximately how long?

12 months Signup and view all the answers

Process indicators measure:

The program’s activities and outputs Signup and view all the answers

A community coalition is drafting a press release about a naloxone distribution event they will be holding in conjunction with a rally to encourage the local town council to open a safe injection clinic. Their press release should contain the following except:

Second-person language Signup and view all the answers

During the assessment phase of advocacy work, a health educator discovers a regular meeting of a group of individuals representing diverse community organizations to collaboratively address a common goal. This group can best be described as a:

Coalitiion Signup and view all the answers

The first thing a health educator should do when beginning a needs assessment is:

Conduct a community analysis Signup and view all the answers

_____ is providing direct, specific feedback and advice to an organization about developing and/or implementing a program with the express purpose of building capacity, improving skills, and transferring knowledge and experience.

Technical assistance Signup and view all the answers

All of the following would be good techniques for a face-to-face meeting with a legislator except:

Make sure everyone in the group speaks Signup and view all the answers

Good examples of secondary data include all of the following except:

Interviews Signup and view all the answers

A _____ study involves a group of people from whom data are collected prospectively or can be gleaned from historical record.

Cohort Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of Americans have low health literacy?

40% Signup and view all the answers

Sources of qualitative data include all of the following except:

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Signup and view all the answers

A health educator is asked to write a literature review for a grant proposal his organization is submitting to develop a project to test local schools for environmental contaminants. Which one of the following should he NOT do in the literature review portion of the proposal?

Describe how they will measure variables in the program Signup and view all the answers

When communicating health information to a reluctant audience, an instructor would find which of the following to be the least important?

Emphasizing the instructor’s education and experience Signup and view all the answers

A health educator is asked to present findings from a community needs assessment to a local church. Which would be the first thing he should do to prepare an effective presentation?

Find out more about the audience Signup and view all the answers

A _____ is defined as a “statement that defines the expected goal of a curriculum, course, lesson or activity in terms of demonstrable skills or knowledge that will be acquired by a student as a result of instruction.”

Learning objective Signup and view all the answers

A _____ is a trial run of a program in order to evaluate feasibility, time, cost, acceptability, and potential adverse events.

Pilot Project Signup and view all the answers

An example of _ would be starting a petition to request that speedbumps be installed to slow traffic, while an example of _ is contacting a member of Congress to solicit funds for a traffic study.

Grassroots advocacy/direct advocacy Signup and view all the answers

According to Bloom’s Taxonomy, which of the following verbs shows the highest level of skills?

Justify Signup and view all the answers

How does a theory differ from a model or framework?

A theory is more likely to be tested and proven by research Signup and view all the answers

The three main kinds of indicators program evaluation seeks to understand are:

Process, outcome, impact Signup and view all the answers

Someone who is learning new information is most likely to remember it when they have:

Done it and taught it to someone else Signup and view all the answers

The last step in a community needs assessment should be:

Sharing and validating the needs that have been identified Signup and view all the answers

A health educator wants to ensure that the materials and services their environmental health organization is offering are culturally appropriate for their Latinx audience. What would be a good first step for the health educator to take?

Creating a community advisory board to inform organizational activities Signup and view all the answers

When assessing the quality of online information, which of the following is the least important to ask?

Is the information written in an active or passive voice? Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a Delphi panel process?

The use of structured questionnaires to generate consensus in a group of experts Signup and view all the answers

Adults with low health literacy levels are most likely to get their health information from which sources?

TV Signup and view all the answers

A _____ allows health educators to get feedback from participants about program materials.

Pilot test Signup and view all the answers

Which age group has the highest percentage of people who use the internet regularly?

18 to 29 Signup and view all the answers

A health educator has planned an intervention that will ensure that families in a high-risk area for infant death have safe sleeping areas for their babies. She plans to visit homes where babies are expected to make sure they have cribs set up and the environment is safe. She is concerned that parents may be resistant to having her come into their homes, despite having been told in several focus groups with pregnant mothers from the community that they would be interested in such a program and developing relationships with several community gatekeepers. What should she do before launching the program?

Launch a pilot project in one neighborhood Signup and view all the answers

The Epidemiological Model for needs assessment asks all of the following questions except:

What will solve the problem? Signup and view all the answers

Common sources of secondary data include all of the following except:

CINAHL Signup and view all the answers

A school board is selecting a sexual health education curriculum to implement in ninth grade. Which is the least important issue for them to gather data about?

If students will be embarrassed by the curriculum Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are techniques to help promote learning except:

Avoiding repetition Signup and view all the answers

A health educator is working on a project investigating childhood asthma in a public school system in a metropolitan school district. After obtaining institutional review board (IRB) and parental approval, she randomly samples students from across the school district and asks them questions about their asthma and treatment. She finds that among those who have been diagnosed with asthma, 70% do not have their asthma medication available to them at all times during the day at school. This type of study is:

Cross-sectional Signup and view all the answers

In a school district that has struggled with low vaccination rates due to parental resistance and preferences for “natural” treatments, an unvaccinated child becomes sick with the measles. The school board decides to hire a health educator to launch a campaign to promote vaccinations for school-aged children. This is an example of:

A teachable moment Signup and view all the answers

A(n) _____ is defined as a “statement of what students ought to be able to do as a consequence of instruction.”

Behavioral objective Signup and view all the answers

_____ validity is concerned with the degree to which findings of your research or program evaluation outcomes are generalizable to other groups, settings, or contexts.

External Signup and view all the answers

When using presentation software, it is considered a best practice to:

B and C Signup and view all the answers

A health educator is interested in understanding what health services are needed by employees in a certain company. Which of the following audiences would be least helpful to consult?

Former employees Signup and view all the answers

Descriptive study designs include all of the following except:

Pretest–posttest design Signup and view all the answers

A workplace installs high-efficiency particulate absorbing (HEPA) filters and monitors the CO2 levels in an effort to control respiratory viruses in the winter. This is an example of what kind of intervention?

Environmental Signup and view all the answers

A state senator proposes offering parents in a low-income area a $1,000 savings account for college if their child is fully vaccinated (or medically exempt) upon enrollment in elementary school. A coalition of child health advocates, including several health educators, express concern about the incentive because it could be:

Coercive Signup and view all the answers

A health education specialist working in an OB/GYN clinic in an under-resourced area has been tasked with developing a brochure for expectant mothers, explaining to them the importance of being screened for several infectious diseases during pregnancy. Many of the mothers did not graduate high school. The best approach for developing such a brochure would be to:

Draft a brochure and then get feedback from patients at the clinic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are the least likely for a health educator to be able to influence in a community?

Biologic factors such as genetics Signup and view all the answers

Low health literacy is associated with which outcomes?

Overuse of emergency department services Signup and view all the answers

A health educator is asked to address the topic of obesity in a senior care center. Many of the seniors receive food stamps and have limited health literacy skills. The health educator believes that it is critical to use a variety of methods to help address the problem. Which of the following are essential to the success of the health educator’s program?

Adequate funding Signup and view all the answers

By far, the greatest number of Americans speak English or Spanish. What are the three next most commonly spoken languages, in order of their frequency of use?

Chinese, French, Tagalog Signup and view all the answers

Health education specialists are often responsible for developing and implementating this type of plan that targets audiences, promotes messages, and uses a range of communication methods.

Marketing plan Signup and view all the answers

Where is the error in this logic model (Figure 10.3)? Figure 10.3 Logic Model for a situation in which high rates of child abuse and neglect have been observed

The medium and long-term outcomes are not plausible Signup and view all the answers

When searching for health information online, the most important issue for a health educator to consider for each website is:

The relevance of the information to the intended audience Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a part of a theory?

Conclusions Signup and view all the answers

In a research study, the requirement of “informed consent” has to do with which ethical principle?

Respect for individuals Signup and view all the answers

According to the transtheoretical model, as an individual moved from precontemplation into maintenance, the lessening of negative beliefs and increasing of positive beliefs about a behavior is best described as:

Decisional balance Signup and view all the answers

For employees who quit smoking last week, what would be the most effective strategy for supporting them in their cessation attempt?

Sending a congratulatory note for having made it through the first week Signup and view all the answers

A participant in a program states, “As a woman who did not ever breastfeed, I am at higher risk for breast cancer.” Which of the following constructs of the Health Belief Model does this statement best demonstrate?

Perceived susceptibility Signup and view all the answers

A health educator is implementing a pilot project where rapid response teams are available to go into communities that have been affected by gun violence and provide grief counseling and support. If the program shows positive outcomes, it will be expanded. To ensure fidelity to intervention and track lessons learned during the implementation, the health educator should develop a MOP, which stands for:

Manual of Procedures Signup and view all the answers

The Theory of Planned Behavior is a theory of health behavior aimed at which of the following levels?

Individual Signup and view all the answers

Identifying theories of behavior change and best practice models allows you to:

Identify determinants that lead people to problem behaviors and develop programs that are more likely to be successful in influencing the behavior Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are reasonable approaches to take when the demand for a project exceeds project resources, except:

Selecting only one demographic group to serve for convenience of data collection Signup and view all the answers

A health educator at a worksite is developing a health risk assessment. He writes, “Are you planning on quitting smoking in the next 30 days?” Which theory of change is the health educator using?

Transtheoretical Model Signup and view all the answers

In what stage of change would a smoker be who was planning on quitting in the next 30 days?

Preparation Signup and view all the answers

The objective, “By the end of this training, the participant will be able to filter a gallon of water and list five items to pack in an emergency kit,” addresses:

Knowledge and skills Signup and view all the answers

In the United States, what is the name of the organization often charged with reviewing research study or intervention designs?

Institutional Review Board (IRB) Signup and view all the answers

A health education specialist encounters a client with his family in the local grocery store. While they are all talking, the educator asks the client how he is responding to his diabetes medication. The health educator has violated which of the following responsibilities of the Health Education Profession’s Code of Ethics?

Confidentiality Signup and view all the answers

According to the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, which of the following groups of people are the second to adopt a behavior?

Early adopters Signup and view all the answers

A health educator has been hired by a school district to advise on the selection of an evidence-based curriculum. The school district has identified a curriculum that they would like to use for their high schools, but it was originally designed for middle school students. What should the health educator advise them would be the most problematic change to make when adapting this program to an older audience?

Replacing the included activities with ones from a different program intended for high school students Signup and view all the answers

A health educator is working on a new initiative to reduce lead in drinking water. Which social determinants of health (SDOH) are they addressing?

Neighborhood and Built Environment Signup and view all the answers

A person’s health and quality of life are dependent on many factors, including “the conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age.” These conditions are known as:

Social determinants of health (SDOH) Signup and view all the answers

A health educator working in Miami is interested in improving their cultural competence. Which of the following would be the least helpful activity for them to undertake?

Memorize a list of commonly used words in Spanish Signup and view all the answers

All of the following characteristics of an intervention may pose barriers to the dissemination of evidence-based programs, except:

Interventions that account for user’s needs and preferences Signup and view all the answers

_____ involves an ongoing commitment to self-reflection and self-critique, power imbalances, and establishing and maintaining mutual benefits and equitable relationships.

Cultural humility Signup and view all the answers

When deciding to delegate a task, which is the least important for a manager to do?

Ensure it leads to a learning experience Signup and view all the answers

_____ reflects strategies and interventions to build skills of partners, stakeholders, and the organization.

Organizational development Signup and view all the answers

What portion of a budget should a health educator plan to spend for fringe benefits?

25% to 30% Signup and view all the answers

_____ involves cooperation or coordination of a group of individuals for a common purpose or goals.

Teamwork Signup and view all the answers

An organization has been awarded funds to develop a training kit to help public health nurses persuade vaccine-hesitant parents to catch their children up on recommended childhood vaccines. A progress report is due at the end of the year on the planned grant activities and the grant spending. Which of the following would be the first step in preparing the report for the funder?

A.Reviewing the stated requirements for the report Signup and view all the answers

_____ is a necessary part of organizational management which helps to establish priorities, common goals, use of resources, and planning for the team.

Strategic planning Signup and view all the answers

Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) model includes which of the following principles?

A and B Signup and view all the answers

When hiring new employees, a health educator should never inquire about which of the following during the interview process?

The candidate’s childcare arrangements Signup and view all the answers

Checking references when hiring a job candidate is critical because it allows you:

To understand how they functioned in their past employment, educational, or volunteer experience Signup and view all the answers

Before approving a strategic plan, it is important to receive feedback and acceptance from whom?

A and B Signup and view all the answers

Before approving a strategic plan, it is important to receive feedback and acceptance from whom?

A and B Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following U.S. federal laws prohibits sharing most individually identifiable health information without prior authorization from an individual?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Signup and view all the answers

An organization needs volunteers to help staff in a health clinic in an underserved area. What would be the first step in planning a recruitment campaign?

Create job descriptions for the volunteer positions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the least helpful function of a program budget?

Motivating Signup and view all the answers

The food bank and the healthcare clinics have developed a document indicating their common interests in serving the health of the people of the community and their willingness to provide referrals to each other’s organizations. The document does not specify things more specific than that. That document can best be described as a:

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Signup and view all the answers

The food bank and the healthcare clinics have developed a document indicating their common interests in serving the health of the people of the community and their willingness to provide referrals to each other’s organizations. The document does not specify things more specific than that. That document can best be described as a:

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Signup and view all the answers

The food bank and the community-based Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) have developed a document specifying that the food bank will refer clients to the community-based DPP for a certain fee per client. The document also has specific provisions for data sharing and specifies an end date. That document can best be described as a:

Memorandum of Agreement Signup and view all the answers

A health educator working in a large city plans to offer nutritional programming at several local, federally qualified health clinics aimed at helping those with complex medical needs eat a recommended diet. One barrier to implementing the plan is the lack of staff to lead the classes. What would be a logical next step for the health educator to take?

Reach out to local universities to find student interns from dietitian programs Signup and view all the answers

A health educator is asked to sit on a panel conducting reviews of funding proposals for community block grants. Which of the following is the health educator least likely to consider when making their recommendation on whether to fund a particular proposal?

The research aims Signup and view all the answers

A local health department is receiving calls expressing concern about the opening of a needle exchange facility in a neighborhood that has been beset with high rates of hepatitis C caused by the sharing of needles. The needle exchange facility is needed to reduce the exposure of injection drug users to infectious diseases, but the community’s concerns need to be addressed. Which of the following methods would be the most effective and realistic way of gathering concerns from the community and exploring mutually agreeable solutions?

With community partners, hold community meetings about the proposed facility Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the least important to include when posting a job description?

Number of vacation days Signup and view all the answers

A health educator has identified an emerging issue that is affecting the health of people in her community. She believes she needs to create some communication materials to help address conditions that are exacerbating the health condition. What would be her next step?

Gather information about the health topic from reliable resources Signup and view all the answers

In social marketing, this “P” is the behavior you are trying to get your audience to do, the services you provide, or the objects you offer.

Product Signup and view all the answers

In social marketing, this “P” is the communication messages, materials, channels, or activities you use to get your message to your audience:

Promotion Signup and view all the answers

When developing a health communication intervention, prioritizing target audience segment(s) allows you to:

Avoid spreading your resources too thin Signup and view all the answers

A health educator working in a community center is developing a social media campaign to encourage seniors to be physically active. She has segmented her audience into three groups: inactive “Super Seniors” (those older than 80 years); active, younger, female seniors (65–75); and those who have recently reduced their activity after a health event. After matching each high-priority audience segment with current and desired behaviors, the next step is to narrow her audience/behavior pairs based on:

Risk, impact, behavioral, resource, and political feasibility Signup and view all the answers

A major challenge of developing persuasive messages is:

Identifying the most effective channel, context, and message content Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is least likely to be true?

Communicating facts clearly to the public is more important than communicating clearly to professionals Signup and view all the answers

All channels of communication have their advantages and disadvantages. Which of the following channels is most likely to have credibility and access among its chief limitations?

Blogs Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are advantages of using television as a channel for communicating health information except:

It is flexible and inexpensive Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of Americans are considered “proficient” in terms of health literacy?

12% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for creating readable materials?

Use the passive voice Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most likely to state reliable, unbiased health information?

A website from a pharmaceutical company Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most likely to state reliable, unbiased health information?

A peer-reviewed journal article Signup and view all the answers

The following are important components of health literacy except:

Innate intelligence Signup and view all the answers

A social worker at a hospital has developed a packet of information and a list of resources for families of people struggling with addiction. He wants to make sure that the information and resources are understandable and helpful to families. Rank in order, from most helpful to least helpful, the activities below that he could use to understand if his information and resources will be helpful to the families he is trying to reach.

Hold several focus groups or formalized testing with families of people with addiction to drugs or alcohol to discuss the materials and receive feedback.

Show the materials to a couple of families as he encounters them in the course of his duties, and solicit feedback.

Show them to coworkers who have knowledge of the target population, and solicit their feedback.

Use the reading-level analyzer on his word-processing software and revise until the level is at eighth grade or below. 5.Do nothing.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Signup and view all the answers

A health educator is tracking how many trainings her staff has conducted and how many copies of educational materials they have sent out as part of the campaign to ensure that children with asthma are being identified and treated. What type of evaluation are these activities?

Process Signup and view all the answers

How many Americans have basic or below basic levels of health literacy?

77 million Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are least likely to be able to be accomplished via a program that is entirely communication-based?

Promote physical activity in a rural high school population by encouraging students to walk to school Signup and view all the answers

Which SMART objective component is missing from the following statement: “By the end of the program, grandparents will report putting their grandchildren to sleep on their backs 100% of the time.”

Measurable Signup and view all the answers

If a health educator is reviewing whether the expenditures for his educational campaign are within the budget he set, what kind of evaluation is he doing?

Process Signup and view all the answers

Tracking “likes” and “shares” of a message is an example of what kind of communication indicator?

Engagement Signup and view all the answers

Tracking “likes” and “shares” of a message is an example of what kind of communication indicator?

Engagement Signup and view all the answers

A group of health educators wants to meet with a senator to advocate for a cap on prescription drug prices. Which is NOT a best practice for face-to-face meetings with policymakers?

Select several people to present data at the meeting Signup and view all the answers

The average age of representatives/senators in the 117th Congress was:

58/64 years old Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct order for developing an advocacy campaign?

Identify the health issues>Analyze current policy and influencing factors>Engage stakeholders>Develop advocacy plan Signup and view all the answers

A health educator is applying the Transtheoretical Model to characterize how much change there has been in various policymakers’ intentions to support a price cap on prescription drugs after their coalition met with various members of the legislative body. The health educator is doing:

Advocacy evaluation Signup and view all the answers

Moved from precontemplation to contemplation

Moved from precontemplation to action Signup and view all the answers

_____ is when individuals or organizations work together to build coalitions, influence public opinion, create an agenda, and/or communicate through the media about a specific topic or topics.

Advocacy Signup and view all the answers

A key distinction between advocacy and lobbying is:

Lobbying includes requesting action on a specific piece of legislation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a step to creating a comprehensive advocacy campaign?

Develop durable messages that can be used for future campaigns Signup and view all the answers

Legislative advocacy is considered to involve:

Contacting and working with a policymaker to discuss a public health problem Signup and view all the answers

_____ is a bill or resolution that has been passed by both chambers of the U.S. Congress and signed into law by the president.

Act Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered to occur when individuals, coalitions, or organizations use media to advance a health initiative?

Media advocacy Signup and view all the answers

A health educator has identified an emerging issue that is affecting the health of people in her community. She believes she needs to engage in advocacy with state lawmakers to change a policy that is exacerbating the health condition. What would be her next step?

Gather information about the health topic from reliable resources Signup and view all the answers

_____ involves adding value judgment about the need for policy change and educating policymakers about an issue.

Advocacy Signup and view all the answers

Health policy advocacy can affect and help sustain population-level health behavior change by:

Changing the surrounding environment Signup and view all the answers

Advocacy is different from lobbying in which of the following ways?

It involves creating awareness of the need for policy change Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT directly involved in organizing, financing, and implementing health-related policy?

The media Signup and view all the answers

A health educator has determined, through reviewing the literature, holding several focus groups, and collecting surveys from the population of interest, that lobbying is necessary to create a new law that will protect the public’s health. What should the next step be?

Check their workplace’s policy on advocacy activities Signup and view all the answers

_____ allows for both synchronous and asynchronous communications with networks, stakeholders, and law makers.

Social media Signup and view all the answers

Evaluation of advocacy efforts generally includes all of the following except:

Program staff turnover Signup and view all the answers

A process evaluation of advocacy efforts might answer which of the following questions?

How many meetings were held with elected officials? Signup and view all the answers

In evaluation research, experiments with control groups:

Provide the clearest evidence of a causal association Signup and view all the answers

Outcomes evaluation of a program requires all of the following except:

A program with a logic model Signup and view all the answers

Community-based participatory research challenged all of these positive tenets except:

Research needs a systematic approach and clear disclosure of the methods used Signup and view all the answers

The research occurs in a neutral location

The intended audience can access the findings Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT true of publishing research or program findings?

Delays other research being done Signup and view all the answers

A local health department develops a program that includes health education and screening to reduce the number of cases of gonorrhea in the county each year. A measure of the program’s outcomes would be:

The number of gonorrhea cases after the campaign Signup and view all the answers

Which one is NOT a common threat to internal validity?

Hawthorne effect Signup and view all the answers

All of the following correctly describe the characteristics of triangulations except:

Triangulation means using three sets of data in studying a topic or setting Signup and view all the answers

An evaluator finds a statistically significant relationship between variables X and Y at the 0.05 level. What does this mean?

95 times out of 100, the results are true Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true?

A measure that has been repeatedly shown to be valid for populations A and B will be valid for population C Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true?

Reliability is a precondition to validity Signup and view all the answers

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Framework for Program Evaluation’s final step is:

Using and sharing results Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is false?

Well-designed studies use measures that yield no error Signup and view all the answers

Which section of a journal article presents the authors’ steps to carry out the intervention or experiment?

Methods Signup and view all the answers

_____ is an active, interactive, and iterative process of repetitively reading and coding transcripts until “common” insights and themes emerge.

Qualitative analysis Signup and view all the answers

This process involves the random selection of cases to be representative of a population and is often used in quantitative studies.

Probability sampling Signup and view all the answers

A health educator is preparing a report for a funder on an injury-reduction program in an interstate repaving work zone. He plans to report on the number of sessions he held with workers to educate them on the proper ways to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) and the topics covered in those sessions. This would be part of his:

Process evaluation Signup and view all the answers

A health educator is tasked with preventing death from house fires. She decides to focus on educating elementary school children and senior citizens on the risks of house fires and proper evacuation techniques, and distributes smoke detectors through the schools and at community events. If she conducted a short survey after the event at a senior center where she asked if the attendees liked the event, understood the materials she presented, and planned to install the smoke detector, that would be an example of what kind of evaluation, according to the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?

Impact evaluation Signup and view all the answers

A health educator has been hired to develop an after-school program for a large school district in an urban/suburban area that contains a mix of both high and low-income neighborhoods. There is a small budget for a needs assessment. What would be the best method to ensure the health educator has the most representative data to plan for the needs of the families when developing his program?

Surveys Signup and view all the answers

A logic model can help to answer the following questions except:

Who is responsible for implementation activities? Signup and view all the answers

Research Methods in Psychology

Questions and Answers

A health educator that is interested in better understanding and prioritizing the health needs of a population may want to conduct this type of assessment.

A logic model can:

Phase 1 of PRECEDE–PROCEED includes all of the following except:

Which of the following is true of Figure 10.1?

Common elements of a program proposal include an abstract, project plan, budget, and:

According to Bloom’s Taxonomy, which classification of skills includes the ability to define, describe, label, or state?

Creating messages specifically aimed at an individual based on their particular characteristics is called:

The nonprofit professional organization that credentials health education professionals and students in both the United States and internationally is:

A health educator tasked with reducing motor vehicle accidents discovers that federal funds have been made available to add bike lanes to major roads. These funds would be an example of what kind of factor?

ll of the following are strategies of plain language writing except:

This tool can help with program planning and evaluation by depicting the inputs, activities, outputs, and short- and long-term outcomes.

Which of the following is the correct order of the PROCEED model for public health planning?

An important distinction between program evaluation and research is that evaluation:

In the United States in 2020, where did heart disease rank in the causes of mortality for the following groups: Individuals between the ages of 55 and 64 All individuals in total

Which one of the following interventions is the best example of primary prevention?

_____ statistics make predictions about a population based on a sample of data taken from the population in question.

Logic models can be constructed

Which of the following aims to find evidence of disease early to reduce morbidity and mortality?

Question By December 31, 62 Senators will have voted for the “Support Public Health Funding Act” is an example of a(n):

Voting registration drives and developing a press release in support of a bill are examples of:

The duration of the study, the potential risks and benefits, and the requirements of the study are all pieces of information necessary for:

Periodic data collection to ensure that advocacy programs are being implemented as they were intended is called:

Which of the following is an example of a learning objective?

Cochrane Reviews, The Community Guide, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Innovations Exchange are good sources of:

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Evaluation Framework begins with:

A systematic application of audits, checks, and corrections to ensure that strategies and methods during program implementation are of the highest quality possible is also called:

When designing health communication campaigns, which is the correct order to plan and implement a campaign?

According to Figure 10.2, in 2001, which of the following was true?

According to Figure 10.2, during the period of 2005 to 2009, seniors (65 years and over) experienced:

According to Figure 10.2, who had the lowest rate of smoking in 2007?

When creating materials for grassroots lobbying efforts, SMOG, Flesch–Kincaid, and Gunning Fog are all examples of tools to assess:

“In the next 2 years, there will be a 30% increase in the number of new parents who say they intend to vaccinate their babies on time” is an example of a:

_____ reflects a measurement tool’s ability to measure a variable consistently and _____ reflects a measurement’s tool to measure what it is supposed to measure.

The type of evaluation that measures whether an advocacy campaign has resulted in the desired change is called:

Perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and perceived benefits are all constructs in which theory or model?

A health educator is teaching a class on how to preserve food from a community garden through pressure canning. They want to make sure that the participants have correctly understood the procedure. Which of the following is a technique for assessing whether the participants learned the skill?

Flip charts, models, audiovisual presentations, and movies are all examples of what kind of media a health educator might employ during advocacy work?

A health education specialist is designing a social media campaign to increase breastfeeding initiation in young women of color. The best group to work with to design, pretest, and refine messages would be:

Cultural competency, the ability to navigate systems, and functional literacy are all components of:

A food bank provides funding to local food vendors to enable them to provide fresh produce to residents in a food desert. Which of the following would be considered a medium-term outcome for this project?

A legislator has become convinced of the need to take action on stabilizing the price of certain pharmaceutical prices. They direct their staff to begin drafting legislation on the matter. What Stage of Change are they in?

Which of the following is true of communicating across cultures?

One way that program monitoring differs from other kinds of evaluation efforts, such as outcome evaluation studies, is that program monitoring is:

A broad, future-oriented statement reflecting an aspirational aim of a program or organization is called a:

In a logic model, “staff,” “funding,” and “a swimming pool” would be considered:

In a logic model, the creation of “swimming classes” and “a website for participants to log the number of hours they swim” would be a considered:

Which of the following is true about program goals and objectives?

Which of the following is NOT a framework for program evaluation?

When collecting primary data, which of the following survey methods is likely to be the most expensive?

A woman is considering quitting smoking, but is very sure that if she does so, she will gain weight. A health educator using the Theory of Planned Behavior would have to influence which construct to address this concern?

If a health problem is highly changeable and highly important to the population, which strategy should a health education specialist employ?

A _____ is a visual that helps to present all the tasks that need to be completed as part of program implementation, such as inputs, major activities, due dates, and outputs.

All of the following are important concepts in social marketing except:

A health educator is hired to lobby Congress to raise taxes on junk food and use the revenue to lower the price of fruits and vegetables. Which form of communication would be most likely to gain the desired outcome?

A health education specialist who can identify, articulate, and translate an understanding of the mission, vision, values, beliefs, and ethics of an organization is exhibiting:

The following are all generally components of an operational budget except:

A good data analysis and reporting plan will:

Which of the following questions would help a health educator who is assessing needs for a new policy?

This type of data collection method involves conducting interviews with stakeholders who have specific expertise on a health topic or problem area of interest.

The “M” in SMART objective stands for:

What are the “4 Ps” of social marketing?

According to the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, which of the following groups of people are the first to adopt a behavior?

A student health program at a large university has hired a health educator to propose a health promotion program. The first thing the health educator should do is:

_____ is the activity by which a person with specialized knowledge and skills is paid to help another person or organization make better decisions or plans.

Perceived threat of a disease, perceived barriers, and cues to action are all constructs from which theory or model?

In a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis, opportunities, and threats are:

This process involves identifying needs, setting priorities, examining causes of problems, determining and allocating resources, and exploring barriers to achieving objectives.

Which of the following is the correct order of steps to take to develop a focus group?

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of survey data?

An owner of a medium-sized manufacturing plant is interested in beginning a worksite health promotion program. Which of the following is a true statement about using focus groups to develop a needs assessment?

Data that are sorted into categories (such as gender) are considered what type of data?

Which of the following is a document that indicates shared interest and broadly lays out an intended common line of action, but is NOT legally binding?

The social determinates of health include all but the following:

Lecture, brainstorming, coaching, debates, and role-playing are all examples of:

A health educator plans a training to help parents of children diagnosed with rare diseases lobby for funding to research their children’s conditions. The health educator would choose to employ a pretest–posttest evaluation strategy to assess which of the following from the training?

The first step in program planning is:

A _____ is typically concerned with monitoring fidelity in terms of program inputs, outputs, activities, and overall program implementation efforts.

The Hierarchy of Effects Model lists the steps through which behavior change happens in which order?

In the United States in 2020, where did heart disease rank in the causes of mortality for the following groups:

Individuals between the ages of 55 and 64

All individuals in total

_ reflects a measurement tool’s ability to measure a variable consistently and _ reflects a measurement’s tool to measure what it is supposed to measure.

An example of _ would be starting a petition to request that speedbumps be installed to slow traffic, while an example of _ is contacting a member of Congress to solicit funds for a traffic study.