Research Methods in Psychology

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary strength of a between subject's design?

It reduces the risk of individual participant differences.

It uses fewer participants than within subject's design.

It can lead to quicker data collection. (correct)

It creates more order effects.

What is a limitation of mixed subject's design?

It simplifies data collection methods.

It can be more costly and time-consuming. (correct)

It allows for better control of variables.

It fails to compare differences across groups.

Which of the following is true about correlational studies?

They help in identifying relationships between variables. (correct)

They are usually complex and time-intensive.

They can establish a cause-and-effect relationship.

They primarily focus on one variable at a time.

What advantage do case studies offer researchers?

They allow for in-depth exploration of a single case. Signup and view all the answers

What can skew results in a between subject's design?

Individual participant differences. Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would a researchers prefer a correlational study?

When using pre-existing data to identify relationships. Signup and view all the answers

Which limitation is associated with case studies?

They may suffer from researcher bias. Signup and view all the answers

What does the mixed subject's design allow researchers to do?

Compare multiple experimental conditions to a baseline control group. Signup and view all the answers

What is one strength of classification and identification?

It simplifies complex information into manageable categories. Signup and view all the answers

Which limitation is associated with fieldwork research?

It can be influenced by uncontrollable variables. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of conducting a literature review?

It is not cost and time intensive. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a potential weakness of classification?

It can result in oversimplification of data. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of fieldwork?

It involves interaction with real-world environments. Signup and view all the answers

Which limitation can affect literature reviews?

They are prone to bias in literature selection. Signup and view all the answers

A major strength of fieldwork is that it allows researchers to:

Obtain authentic results from real-world interactions. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of identification, what is a major potential problem?

It can lead to subjective and biased categorization. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Between-Subjects Design

Individuals randomly assigned to different groups.
Each participant experiences only one condition.
Random assignment crucial to avoid the expectancy effect.
Strengths:
- Avoids order effects.
- Generally faster to conduct.
Limitations:
- Individual differences can affect results.
- Requires more participants than within-subjects designs for comparable data.

Mixed-Subjects Design

Combines elements of between and within-subjects designs.
Allows for comparisons within groups over time and across groups.
Allows multiple conditions compared to a baseline.
Strengths:
- Tracks changes within groups and compares across them.
- Enables comparisons to a control group.
Limitations:
- Can be time-consuming and expensive.
- Requires researchers knowledgeable in multiple methods.

Case Studies

In-depth investigations of individuals, groups, or phenomena.
Can involve real or hypothetical situations.
Strengths:
- Useful for rare phenomena.
- Allows for detailed exploration.
Limitations:
- Limited generalizability to broader populations.
- Prone to researcher bias.

Correlational Studies

Observe and measure relationships between variables without manipulation.
Aims to find relationships, describe them, and predict.
Strengths:
- Easy to conduct, often using existing data.
- Can identify correlations.
Limitations:
- Cannot establish cause-and-effect.
- Susceptible to confounding variables.

Classification and Identification

Grouping phenomena, events, or objects into categories and identifying their group membership.
Strengths:
- Organizes complex information.
- Enables standardized communication.
Limitations:
- Can oversimplify, creating inaccuracies.
- May be subjective and biased, leading to inconsistencies.

Fieldwork

Research conducted outside a lab setting, interacting with the environment and/or people.
Strengths:
- Data gathered in authentic real-world settings.
- Useful for identifying correlations.
Limitations:
- Time-consuming and resource-intensive.
- Prone to uncontrollable variables (e.g., weather, human behaviour).

Literature Review

Analyzing existing research to answer questions or provide background.
Strengths:
- Less time-consuming and costly than primary data collection.
- Provides insight into current knowledge.
Limitations:
- Prone to researcher bias in selecting literature.
- Doesn't generate new data or findings.

Modelling and Simulation

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Description

Explore the research methods used in psychology including between-subjects design, mixed-subjects design, and case studies. Understand the strengths and limitations of each method while learning how they contribute to psychological research. This quiz is essential for students looking to deepen their understanding of experimental designs in psychology.