Podcast
Questions and Answers
Semi-structured interviews provide structured information that is easy to process statistically.
Semi-structured interviews provide structured information that is easy to process statistically.
False
Experimentation in psychology allows behavior to be provoked, controlled, or manipulated to establish clear associations between studied variables.
Experimentation in psychology allows behavior to be provoked, controlled, or manipulated to establish clear associations between studied variables.
True
Meta-analysis involves analyzing a small number of carefully selected studies.
Meta-analysis involves analyzing a small number of carefully selected studies.
False
Psychological tests must be reliable, valid, and sensitive to measure behavior accurately.
Psychological tests must be reliable, valid, and sensitive to measure behavior accurately.
Signup and view all the answers
Ethnographic studies focus on numerical data rather than beliefs and mentalities.
Ethnographic studies focus on numerical data rather than beliefs and mentalities.
Signup and view all the answers
PS disorders are typically acute, benign, and reversible without concomitant organic lesions.
PS disorders are typically acute, benign, and reversible without concomitant organic lesions.
Signup and view all the answers
Neglect of PS disorders is uncommon among both patients and healthcare providers.
Neglect of PS disorders is uncommon among both patients and healthcare providers.
Signup and view all the answers
Chronic PS diseases are typically irreversible and can potentially be lethal.
Chronic PS diseases are typically irreversible and can potentially be lethal.
Signup and view all the answers
Primary prevention efforts for PS disorders are considered unhelpful in increasing their prevalence.
Primary prevention efforts for PS disorders are considered unhelpful in increasing their prevalence.
Signup and view all the answers
Type A personality traits include characteristics such as hostility, aggression, and competitiveness.
Type A personality traits include characteristics such as hostility, aggression, and competitiveness.
Signup and view all the answers
Biologically, Type A personalities have increased secretion of hormones such as norepinephrine and testosterone.
Biologically, Type A personalities have increased secretion of hormones such as norepinephrine and testosterone.
Signup and view all the answers
The behavioral traits associated with increased susceptibility to PS disorders are only related to environmental stressors.
The behavioral traits associated with increased susceptibility to PS disorders are only related to environmental stressors.
Signup and view all the answers
Increased levels of triglycerides and cholesterol are not symptoms associated with Type A personality traits.
Increased levels of triglycerides and cholesterol are not symptoms associated with Type A personality traits.
Signup and view all the answers
Optimism is defined as the generally unfavorable cognitions that a person has about the future.
Optimism is defined as the generally unfavorable cognitions that a person has about the future.
Signup and view all the answers
Self-esteem is the ratio between an individual's perceived value and their abilities to achieve desired goals.
Self-esteem is the ratio between an individual's perceived value and their abilities to achieve desired goals.
Signup and view all the answers
Neurosis is primarily oriented towards pharmacological treatment.
Neurosis is primarily oriented towards pharmacological treatment.
Signup and view all the answers
Personality disorders originate in adulthood and are associated with high awareness.
Personality disorders originate in adulthood and are associated with high awareness.
Signup and view all the answers
The clinical interview method allows for emotional catharsis in patients.
The clinical interview method allows for emotional catharsis in patients.
Signup and view all the answers
The high degree of maladaptation in psychosis is often linked to a mixed etiology of genetic and environmental factors.
The high degree of maladaptation in psychosis is often linked to a mixed etiology of genetic and environmental factors.
Signup and view all the answers
Observation methods in Health Psychology do not ensure control to the observer.
Observation methods in Health Psychology do not ensure control to the observer.
Signup and view all the answers
Unrealistic optimism can potentially lead to non-compliance in patients.
Unrealistic optimism can potentially lead to non-compliance in patients.
Signup and view all the answers
Poor prognosis for cardiovascular patients is often linked to a lack of support from others.
Poor prognosis for cardiovascular patients is often linked to a lack of support from others.
Signup and view all the answers
Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief that external factors are primarily responsible for their success.
Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief that external factors are primarily responsible for their success.
Signup and view all the answers
An external locus of control is linked to increased feelings of resignation and projecting guilt onto others.
An external locus of control is linked to increased feelings of resignation and projecting guilt onto others.
Signup and view all the answers
Hardiness is characterized by the ability to abandon control during stressful situations.
Hardiness is characterized by the ability to abandon control during stressful situations.
Signup and view all the answers
Excessive internal locus of control can lead to taking on unnecessary responsibilities.
Excessive internal locus of control can lead to taking on unnecessary responsibilities.
Signup and view all the answers
The components of coherence include comprehensibility, manageability, and purposelessness.
The components of coherence include comprehensibility, manageability, and purposelessness.
Signup and view all the answers
Cognitive styles can have an influence on health and adherence to treatment.
Cognitive styles can have an influence on health and adherence to treatment.
Signup and view all the answers
Counseling and psychotherapy can help in cultivating hardiness.
Counseling and psychotherapy can help in cultivating hardiness.
Signup and view all the answers
Health Psychology and Clinical Psychology are entirely unrelated fields.
Health Psychology and Clinical Psychology are entirely unrelated fields.
Signup and view all the answers
The clinical psychologist's role in a hospital includes addressing ongoing psychological symptoms.
The clinical psychologist's role in a hospital includes addressing ongoing psychological symptoms.
Signup and view all the answers
Psychosomatic Disorders arise solely from physical injuries.
Psychosomatic Disorders arise solely from physical injuries.
Signup and view all the answers
The prevention of psychiatric comorbidity is not a responsibility of clinical psychologists.
The prevention of psychiatric comorbidity is not a responsibility of clinical psychologists.
Signup and view all the answers
Protective cognitive styles can contribute to a reduced susceptibility to diseases.
Protective cognitive styles can contribute to a reduced susceptibility to diseases.
Signup and view all the answers
Behavioral Medicine is unrelated to the analysis of behavioral traits.
Behavioral Medicine is unrelated to the analysis of behavioral traits.
Signup and view all the answers
Iatrogenic issues are a primary concern for clinical psychologists in a therapeutic setting.
Iatrogenic issues are a primary concern for clinical psychologists in a therapeutic setting.
Signup and view all the answers
The therapeutic team in a hospital does not include clinical psychologists.
The therapeutic team in a hospital does not include clinical psychologists.
Signup and view all the answers
Type C individuals are known for their high compliance with treatment plans.
Type C individuals are known for their high compliance with treatment plans.
Signup and view all the answers
Type D individuals experience high levels of negative affectivity and social inhibition.
Type D individuals experience high levels of negative affectivity and social inhibition.
Signup and view all the answers
Internalizing stress has no significant effect on the immune system.
Internalizing stress has no significant effect on the immune system.
Signup and view all the answers
Individuals with Type C personalities are characterized by conflict avoidance.
Individuals with Type C personalities are characterized by conflict avoidance.
Signup and view all the answers
Type D individuals are open to discharging their emotions in social settings.
Type D individuals are open to discharging their emotions in social settings.
Signup and view all the answers
The HPA axis typically hyperfunctions in Type C individuals due to emotional suppression.
The HPA axis typically hyperfunctions in Type C individuals due to emotional suppression.
Signup and view all the answers
Type C personalities have a higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
Type C personalities have a higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
Signup and view all the answers
Individuals with Type D personalities have high self-esteem and are generally confident.
Individuals with Type D personalities have high self-esteem and are generally confident.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Medical Psychology Course Summary
- Medical psychology is a field that studies the relationship between medicine and psychosocial sciences.
- It includes several areas like health psychology, psychosomatics, behavioral medicine, and clinical psychology.
- These areas share similarities and differences, and all play an important role in the hospital environment.
- The clinical psychologist plays a key role in both psychological and somatic levels of patient care by defining criteria, addressing ongoing symptoms, preventing psychiatric comorbidity, and more.
Psychosomatic Disorders and Diseases
- Psychosomatic disorders include acute, benign, and reversible conditions without organic lesions.
- Psychosomatic diseases are chronic, partially or completely irreversible, and potentially life-threatening conditions.
- Psychological factors, like stress and trauma, combined with organic vulnerability, lead to these diseases.
- Neglect of psychosomatic disorders is common in both patients and physicians. Primary prevention is crucial.
Behavioral Traits Related to Disease Susceptibility
- Type A personality, characterized by hostility, aggression, urgency, impatience, and competitiveness, is related to increased disease susceptibility.
- Type A individuals often have high levels of norepinephrine, adrenaline, testosterone, triglycerides, and cholesterol. These factors are linked to cardiovascular issues.
- Type C personality is characterized by inhibiting negative feelings, avoiding conflicts, and suppressing emotions. This can contribute to cancer development as well as other issues.
- Type D personality shows high levels of negativity, irritability, and depressive states; they may avoid social interaction and have poor emotional expressiveness, which can negatively impact prognosis in cardiovascular patients.
Protective and Risky Cognitive Styles
- Self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977): A person's belief in their abilities to manage tasks. This belief is key to successfully coping with challenges.
- Internal locus of control (ILC) (Rotter, 1966): The belief that one can control outcomes; leads to increased responsibility and compliance with treatment.
- An external locus of control (ELC) sees circumstances beyond personal control leading to resignation or dependency.
- Hardiness (Kobasa, 1979): The ability to withstand stress and challenges, involves control, commitment, and challenge as key components.
- Coherence (Antonovsky, 1984): The way someone perceives life events as understandable, manageable, and purposeful.
- Self-esteem is the ratio between self-perceived value and ability to achieve goals.
- Optimism is a favorable cognition about the future, but unrealistic optimism can be detrimental.
Research Methods in Health Psychology
- Observation involves contemplation of one's own or others' behaviors, direct or indirect. It has limitations regarding control and subjectivity.
- Clinical interviews, structured or semi-structured, provide specific ways to get information.
- Experiments allow for manipulation and control to establish associations between variables.
- Psychological tests, standardized assessments, can measure and describe behaviors, with parameters like reliability (consistency), validity (accuracy), and sensitivity.
- Case studies are qualitative descriptions of behaviors or events not easily captured quantitatively, while meta-analysis aggregates results from many studies.
- Ethnographic studies focus on understanding different cultures and beliefs, while diaries and biographic documents are valuable longitudinal data sources.
Other Key Concepts
- Personality disorders involve distorted behaviors.
- Neurosis refers to reactive disorders like stress and trauma, often responsive to psychotherapy.
- Psychosis often has mixed genetic and environmental causes, leading to poor adaptation and high maladaptation.
- Social integration is essential; abnormality in social integration can be difficult and problematic.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers various research methods used in psychology, including semi-structured interviews, experimentation, meta-analysis, and psychological tests. Understand the importance of reliability and validity in psychological measurements. Test your knowledge on these foundational concepts relevant to psychological research.
