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Questions and Answers
Semi-structured interviews provide structured information that is easy to process statistically.
Semi-structured interviews provide structured information that is easy to process statistically.
False (B)
Experimentation in psychology allows behavior to be provoked, controlled, or manipulated to establish clear associations between studied variables.
Experimentation in psychology allows behavior to be provoked, controlled, or manipulated to establish clear associations between studied variables.
True (A)
Meta-analysis involves analyzing a small number of carefully selected studies.
Meta-analysis involves analyzing a small number of carefully selected studies.
False (B)
Psychological tests must be reliable, valid, and sensitive to measure behavior accurately.
Psychological tests must be reliable, valid, and sensitive to measure behavior accurately.
Ethnographic studies focus on numerical data rather than beliefs and mentalities.
Ethnographic studies focus on numerical data rather than beliefs and mentalities.
PS disorders are typically acute, benign, and reversible without concomitant organic lesions.
PS disorders are typically acute, benign, and reversible without concomitant organic lesions.
Neglect of PS disorders is uncommon among both patients and healthcare providers.
Neglect of PS disorders is uncommon among both patients and healthcare providers.
Chronic PS diseases are typically irreversible and can potentially be lethal.
Chronic PS diseases are typically irreversible and can potentially be lethal.
Primary prevention efforts for PS disorders are considered unhelpful in increasing their prevalence.
Primary prevention efforts for PS disorders are considered unhelpful in increasing their prevalence.
Type A personality traits include characteristics such as hostility, aggression, and competitiveness.
Type A personality traits include characteristics such as hostility, aggression, and competitiveness.
Biologically, Type A personalities have increased secretion of hormones such as norepinephrine and testosterone.
Biologically, Type A personalities have increased secretion of hormones such as norepinephrine and testosterone.
The behavioral traits associated with increased susceptibility to PS disorders are only related to environmental stressors.
The behavioral traits associated with increased susceptibility to PS disorders are only related to environmental stressors.
Increased levels of triglycerides and cholesterol are not symptoms associated with Type A personality traits.
Increased levels of triglycerides and cholesterol are not symptoms associated with Type A personality traits.
Optimism is defined as the generally unfavorable cognitions that a person has about the future.
Optimism is defined as the generally unfavorable cognitions that a person has about the future.
Self-esteem is the ratio between an individual's perceived value and their abilities to achieve desired goals.
Self-esteem is the ratio between an individual's perceived value and their abilities to achieve desired goals.
Neurosis is primarily oriented towards pharmacological treatment.
Neurosis is primarily oriented towards pharmacological treatment.
Personality disorders originate in adulthood and are associated with high awareness.
Personality disorders originate in adulthood and are associated with high awareness.
The clinical interview method allows for emotional catharsis in patients.
The clinical interview method allows for emotional catharsis in patients.
The high degree of maladaptation in psychosis is often linked to a mixed etiology of genetic and environmental factors.
The high degree of maladaptation in psychosis is often linked to a mixed etiology of genetic and environmental factors.
Observation methods in Health Psychology do not ensure control to the observer.
Observation methods in Health Psychology do not ensure control to the observer.
Unrealistic optimism can potentially lead to non-compliance in patients.
Unrealistic optimism can potentially lead to non-compliance in patients.
Poor prognosis for cardiovascular patients is often linked to a lack of support from others.
Poor prognosis for cardiovascular patients is often linked to a lack of support from others.
Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief that external factors are primarily responsible for their success.
Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief that external factors are primarily responsible for their success.
An external locus of control is linked to increased feelings of resignation and projecting guilt onto others.
An external locus of control is linked to increased feelings of resignation and projecting guilt onto others.
Hardiness is characterized by the ability to abandon control during stressful situations.
Hardiness is characterized by the ability to abandon control during stressful situations.
Excessive internal locus of control can lead to taking on unnecessary responsibilities.
Excessive internal locus of control can lead to taking on unnecessary responsibilities.
The components of coherence include comprehensibility, manageability, and purposelessness.
The components of coherence include comprehensibility, manageability, and purposelessness.
Cognitive styles can have an influence on health and adherence to treatment.
Cognitive styles can have an influence on health and adherence to treatment.
Counseling and psychotherapy can help in cultivating hardiness.
Counseling and psychotherapy can help in cultivating hardiness.
Health Psychology and Clinical Psychology are entirely unrelated fields.
Health Psychology and Clinical Psychology are entirely unrelated fields.
The clinical psychologist's role in a hospital includes addressing ongoing psychological symptoms.
The clinical psychologist's role in a hospital includes addressing ongoing psychological symptoms.
Psychosomatic Disorders arise solely from physical injuries.
Psychosomatic Disorders arise solely from physical injuries.
The prevention of psychiatric comorbidity is not a responsibility of clinical psychologists.
The prevention of psychiatric comorbidity is not a responsibility of clinical psychologists.
Protective cognitive styles can contribute to a reduced susceptibility to diseases.
Protective cognitive styles can contribute to a reduced susceptibility to diseases.
Behavioral Medicine is unrelated to the analysis of behavioral traits.
Behavioral Medicine is unrelated to the analysis of behavioral traits.
Iatrogenic issues are a primary concern for clinical psychologists in a therapeutic setting.
Iatrogenic issues are a primary concern for clinical psychologists in a therapeutic setting.
The therapeutic team in a hospital does not include clinical psychologists.
The therapeutic team in a hospital does not include clinical psychologists.
Type C individuals are known for their high compliance with treatment plans.
Type C individuals are known for their high compliance with treatment plans.
Type D individuals experience high levels of negative affectivity and social inhibition.
Type D individuals experience high levels of negative affectivity and social inhibition.
Internalizing stress has no significant effect on the immune system.
Internalizing stress has no significant effect on the immune system.
Individuals with Type C personalities are characterized by conflict avoidance.
Individuals with Type C personalities are characterized by conflict avoidance.
Type D individuals are open to discharging their emotions in social settings.
Type D individuals are open to discharging their emotions in social settings.
The HPA axis typically hyperfunctions in Type C individuals due to emotional suppression.
The HPA axis typically hyperfunctions in Type C individuals due to emotional suppression.
Type C personalities have a higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
Type C personalities have a higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
Individuals with Type D personalities have high self-esteem and are generally confident.
Individuals with Type D personalities have high self-esteem and are generally confident.
Flashcards
Health Psychology
Health Psychology
The study of how psychological factors affect physical health and illness.
Psychosomatics
Psychosomatics
A field focusing on the connection between mind and body, examining how psychological factors contribute to physical illnesses.
Behavioral Medicine
Behavioral Medicine
A multidisciplinary approach integrating behavioral and biomedical sciences to prevent and treat illness.
Clinical Psychology
Clinical Psychology
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Clinical Psychologist's Role in a Hospital
Clinical Psychologist's Role in a Hospital
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Behavioral Traits and Disease Susceptibility
Behavioral Traits and Disease Susceptibility
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Protective and Risky Cognitive Styles
Protective and Risky Cognitive Styles
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Orientation for Clinicians Confronting a Behavioral Disorder
Orientation for Clinicians Confronting a Behavioral Disorder
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What are PS disorders?
What are PS disorders?
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What are PS diseases?
What are PS diseases?
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What is Type A personality?
What is Type A personality?
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What is hostility in Type A personality?
What is hostility in Type A personality?
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What is urgency and impatience in Type A personality?
What is urgency and impatience in Type A personality?
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What is competitiveness in Type A personality?
What is competitiveness in Type A personality?
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What is the need for accumulation in Type A personality?
What is the need for accumulation in Type A personality?
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What are some biological changes linked to Type A personality?
What are some biological changes linked to Type A personality?
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Self-efficacy
Self-efficacy
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Internal Locus of Control (ILC)
Internal Locus of Control (ILC)
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External Locus of Control (ELC)
External Locus of Control (ELC)
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Hardiness
Hardiness
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Coherence
Coherence
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Comprehensibility
Comprehensibility
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Manageability
Manageability
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Purposefulness
Purposefulness
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Type C Personality
Type C Personality
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Type D Personality
Type D Personality
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Type A Personality
Type A Personality
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Type B Personality
Type B Personality
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Type K Personality
Type K Personality
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External Locus of Control
External Locus of Control
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Internal Locus of Control
Internal Locus of Control
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Orientation for Clinicians Confronting Behavioral Disorders
Orientation for Clinicians Confronting Behavioral Disorders
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Experiment (in Psychology)
Experiment (in Psychology)
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Psychological Tests
Psychological Tests
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Case Study
Case Study
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Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis
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Ethnographic Studies
Ethnographic Studies
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Self-esteem
Self-esteem
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Optimism
Optimism
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Neurosis
Neurosis
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Psychosis
Psychosis
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Personality Disorder
Personality Disorder
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Observation
Observation
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Structured Clinical Interview
Structured Clinical Interview
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Clinical Interview
Clinical Interview
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Study Notes
Medical Psychology Course Summary
- Medical psychology is a field that studies the relationship between medicine and psychosocial sciences.
- It includes several areas like health psychology, psychosomatics, behavioral medicine, and clinical psychology.
- These areas share similarities and differences, and all play an important role in the hospital environment.
- The clinical psychologist plays a key role in both psychological and somatic levels of patient care by defining criteria, addressing ongoing symptoms, preventing psychiatric comorbidity, and more.
Psychosomatic Disorders and Diseases
- Psychosomatic disorders include acute, benign, and reversible conditions without organic lesions.
- Psychosomatic diseases are chronic, partially or completely irreversible, and potentially life-threatening conditions.
- Psychological factors, like stress and trauma, combined with organic vulnerability, lead to these diseases.
- Neglect of psychosomatic disorders is common in both patients and physicians. Primary prevention is crucial.
Behavioral Traits Related to Disease Susceptibility
- Type A personality, characterized by hostility, aggression, urgency, impatience, and competitiveness, is related to increased disease susceptibility.
- Type A individuals often have high levels of norepinephrine, adrenaline, testosterone, triglycerides, and cholesterol. These factors are linked to cardiovascular issues.
- Type C personality is characterized by inhibiting negative feelings, avoiding conflicts, and suppressing emotions. This can contribute to cancer development as well as other issues.
- Type D personality shows high levels of negativity, irritability, and depressive states; they may avoid social interaction and have poor emotional expressiveness, which can negatively impact prognosis in cardiovascular patients.
Protective and Risky Cognitive Styles
- Self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977): A person's belief in their abilities to manage tasks. This belief is key to successfully coping with challenges.
- Internal locus of control (ILC) (Rotter, 1966): The belief that one can control outcomes; leads to increased responsibility and compliance with treatment.
- An external locus of control (ELC) sees circumstances beyond personal control leading to resignation or dependency.
- Hardiness (Kobasa, 1979): The ability to withstand stress and challenges, involves control, commitment, and challenge as key components.
- Coherence (Antonovsky, 1984): The way someone perceives life events as understandable, manageable, and purposeful.
- Self-esteem is the ratio between self-perceived value and ability to achieve goals.
- Optimism is a favorable cognition about the future, but unrealistic optimism can be detrimental.
Research Methods in Health Psychology
- Observation involves contemplation of one's own or others' behaviors, direct or indirect. It has limitations regarding control and subjectivity.
- Clinical interviews, structured or semi-structured, provide specific ways to get information.
- Experiments allow for manipulation and control to establish associations between variables.
- Psychological tests, standardized assessments, can measure and describe behaviors, with parameters like reliability (consistency), validity (accuracy), and sensitivity.
- Case studies are qualitative descriptions of behaviors or events not easily captured quantitatively, while meta-analysis aggregates results from many studies.
- Ethnographic studies focus on understanding different cultures and beliefs, while diaries and biographic documents are valuable longitudinal data sources.
Other Key Concepts
- Personality disorders involve distorted behaviors.
- Neurosis refers to reactive disorders like stress and trauma, often responsive to psychotherapy.
- Psychosis often has mixed genetic and environmental causes, leading to poor adaptation and high maladaptation.
- Social integration is essential; abnormality in social integration can be difficult and problematic.
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Description
This quiz covers various research methods used in psychology, including semi-structured interviews, experimentation, meta-analysis, and psychological tests. Understand the importance of reliability and validity in psychological measurements. Test your knowledge on these foundational concepts relevant to psychological research.
