Research Methods in Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What is the principal tool of the scientific method used to demonstrate behavioral events under specific conditions?

  • Experimentation (correct)
  • Measurement
  • Theories
  • Methodology

    • Which of the following describes an organized thought process characterized by open-mindedness and objectivity?

  • Fraud
  • Debriefing
  • Good thinking (correct)
  • Animal welfare

    • What is required for a hypothesis to be considered testable?

  • It must be based on intuition
  • It needs to be widely accepted by scientists
  • There must be procedures for manipulating the conditions (correct)
  • It should be difficult to measure the outcome

    • Which term refers to the structured estimation of an observable event's quantity or quality?

    <p>Measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'debriefing' entail in the context of psychological research?

    <p>Disclosing the purpose and nature of the study post-experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept emphasizes that all species capable of feeling pain have equal rights?

    <p>Animal rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)?

    <p>To safeguard the welfare of animal subjects in research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is considered a form of fraud in research?

    <p>Falsifying or fabricating data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?

    <p>To safeguard the safety and rights of human participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a risk/benefit analysis, what is determined?

    <p>Whether risks to individuals outweigh possible benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does minimal risk imply about a research study?

    <p>The likelihood of harm is not increased by the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of causal modeling in research?

    <p>To suggest cause-and-effect relationships among behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the coefficient of determination (r2) indicate in a correlational study?

    <p>The percentage of variability explained by one variable related to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a cross-lagged panel design?

    <p>The same behaviors are measured at two separate points in time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of correlation indicates that an increase in one variable is associated with an increase in another?

    <p>Positive correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a correlational study primarily aim to determine?

    <p>The relationship between two traits or behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does content validity refer to?

    <p>The accuracy of a measure in reflecting what is being measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a nonexperimental hypothesis?

    <p>To predict how traits or behaviors might be related.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an independent variable?

    <p>The variable manipulated by the researcher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about extraneous variables?

    <p>They can introduce bias if not controlled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term reliability refer to in research?

    <p>The ability of a measurement to remain consistent over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meta-analysis used for in research?

    <p>To summarize and quantify findings from multiple studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes face validity?

    <p>It refers to the obviousness of a measurement technique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'hypothetical construct' refer to?

    <p>Unseen processes used to explain behaviors and traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does internal validity signify in an experiment?

    <p>The certainty that observed changes in behavior are caused by the independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a selection threat to internal validity?

    <p>It arises from random assignment failing to balance subject differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does interitem reliability measure?

    <p>The ability of different items measuring the same variable to produce consistent results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the instrumentation threat?

    <p>It is caused by changes in the measuring instrument itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines statistical regression threat in an experimental context?

    <p>When scores tend to revert to the mean after extreme test results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a subject mortality threat?

    <p>Differences in dropout rates affecting study results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the levels of the independent variable?

    <p>The manipulation of diverse values of the independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept refers to the agreement among different raters or observers?

    <p>Interrater reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes a negative correlation?

    <p>An increase in one variable leads to a decrease in the other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is always true regardless of circumstances?

    <p>Contradictory statement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of statement can be tested experimentally?

    <p>Falsifiable statement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term confounding refer to in experimental research?

    <p>An error caused by extraneous variables affecting the dependent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the discussion section in a research report?

    <p>To relate findings to existing knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements can lead to new studies?

    <p>Fruitful statement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is concurrent validity concerned with?

    <p>Correlation of a measuring instrument with a known behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a deductive model primarily utilize for reasoning?

    <p>General principles to explore specific instances</p> Signup and view all the answers

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