Research Methods in Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What is the principal tool of the scientific method used to demonstrate behavioral events under specific conditions?

  • Experimentation (correct)
  • Measurement
  • Theories
  • Methodology

Which of the following describes an organized thought process characterized by open-mindedness and objectivity?

  • Fraud
  • Debriefing
  • Good thinking (correct)
  • Animal welfare

What is required for a hypothesis to be considered testable?

  • It must be based on intuition
  • It needs to be widely accepted by scientists
  • There must be procedures for manipulating the conditions (correct)
  • It should be difficult to measure the outcome

Which term refers to the structured estimation of an observable event's quantity or quality?

<p>Measurement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'debriefing' entail in the context of psychological research?

<p>Disclosing the purpose and nature of the study post-experiment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept emphasizes that all species capable of feeling pain have equal rights?

<p>Animal rights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)?

<p>To safeguard the welfare of animal subjects in research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is considered a form of fraud in research?

<p>Falsifying or fabricating data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?

<p>To safeguard the safety and rights of human participants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a risk/benefit analysis, what is determined?

<p>Whether risks to individuals outweigh possible benefits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does minimal risk imply about a research study?

<p>The likelihood of harm is not increased by the study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of causal modeling in research?

<p>To suggest cause-and-effect relationships among behaviors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the coefficient of determination (r2) indicate in a correlational study?

<p>The percentage of variability explained by one variable related to another (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a cross-lagged panel design?

<p>The same behaviors are measured at two separate points in time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of correlation indicates that an increase in one variable is associated with an increase in another?

<p>Positive correlation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a correlational study primarily aim to determine?

<p>The relationship between two traits or behaviors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does content validity refer to?

<p>The accuracy of a measure in reflecting what is being measured. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a nonexperimental hypothesis?

<p>To predict how traits or behaviors might be related. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an independent variable?

<p>The variable manipulated by the researcher. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about extraneous variables?

<p>They can introduce bias if not controlled. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term reliability refer to in research?

<p>The ability of a measurement to remain consistent over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meta-analysis used for in research?

<p>To summarize and quantify findings from multiple studies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes face validity?

<p>It refers to the obviousness of a measurement technique. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'hypothetical construct' refer to?

<p>Unseen processes used to explain behaviors and traits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does internal validity signify in an experiment?

<p>The certainty that observed changes in behavior are caused by the independent variable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a selection threat to internal validity?

<p>It arises from random assignment failing to balance subject differences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does interitem reliability measure?

<p>The ability of different items measuring the same variable to produce consistent results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the instrumentation threat?

<p>It is caused by changes in the measuring instrument itself. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines statistical regression threat in an experimental context?

<p>When scores tend to revert to the mean after extreme test results (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a subject mortality threat?

<p>Differences in dropout rates affecting study results (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the levels of the independent variable?

<p>The manipulation of diverse values of the independent variable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept refers to the agreement among different raters or observers?

<p>Interrater reliability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a negative correlation?

<p>An increase in one variable leads to a decrease in the other (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is always true regardless of circumstances?

<p>Contradictory statement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of statement can be tested experimentally?

<p>Falsifiable statement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term confounding refer to in experimental research?

<p>An error caused by extraneous variables affecting the dependent variable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the discussion section in a research report?

<p>To relate findings to existing knowledge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements can lead to new studies?

<p>Fruitful statement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is concurrent validity concerned with?

<p>Correlation of a measuring instrument with a known behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a deductive model primarily utilize for reasoning?

<p>General principles to explore specific instances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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