Research Methods: Hypotheses and Questions

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Questions and Answers

What does the null hypothesis (H0) suggest?

  • There is no significant difference or relationship between variables. (correct)
  • It is an assumption that all variables influence each other.
  • There is a significant relationship between variables.
  • The outcome of the research is unpredictable.

Which characteristic is NOT part of a good hypothesis?

  • Unchanged variables (correct)
  • Specificity
  • Measurability
  • Testability

What is the primary purpose of a literature review in research?

  • To create new research questions without context.
  • To establish relationships between all hypotheses.
  • To examine existing research and identify gaps. (correct)
  • To predict outcomes of the study.

Which characteristic of good research questions refers to their clarity and specificity?

<p>Clear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a hypothesis play in research?

<p>It helps support conclusions and guides data collection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Null Hypothesis

A statement assuming no significant difference or relationship between variables.

Alternative Hypothesis

A statement suggesting a significant difference or relationship between variables.

Good Hypothesis Criteria

A hypothesis must be specific, testable, relevant, original, and measurable.

Research Question

A question defining the problem or issue to investigate.

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Review of Literature

Examining existing research on a topic to establish context and identify gaps.

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Study Notes

Hypotheses

  • Hypotheses are statements guiding research.
  • Null Hypothesis (H0): Assumes no significant difference or relationship. Example: No difference in exam scores between morning and afternoon classes.
  • Alternative Hypothesis (H₁ or Ha): Suggests a significant difference or relationship. Example: A difference in exam scores between morning and afternoon classes.
  • A hypothesis is an educated guess or prediction.

Criteria for a Good Hypothesis

  • Specificity: Clearly defines variables and relationships.
  • Testability: Provable or disprovable through data.
  • Relevance: Aligns with research goals.
  • Originality: Adds new knowledge.
  • Measurability: Variables can be quantified.

Research Questions

  • Research questions define problems.
  • Characteristics of good research questions:
    • Clear: Unambiguous.
    • Focused: Specific and narrow.
    • Measurable: Quantifiable.
    • Relevant: Aligns with objectives.
    • Feasible: Investigatable within constraints.

Functions of Hypotheses

  • Guide data collection.
  • Provide a framework for analysis.
  • Test theories.
  • Identify relationships.
  • Support conclusions.

Literature Review

  • Reviews existing research on a topic.

Purpose of Literature Review

  • Provides context.
  • Identifies research gaps.
  • Establishes foundation.
  • Informs methodology.
  • Enhances validity.

Sources of Literature Review

  • Academic journals.
  • Books and textbooks.
  • Conference proceedings.
  • Theses and dissertations.
  • Government reports.

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