Podcast
Questions and Answers
In experimental research, what is the primary role of the independent variable (IV)?
In experimental research, what is the primary role of the independent variable (IV)?
- To remain constant throughout the experiment.
- To be manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on another variable. (correct)
- To act as a control to ensure the validity of the dependent variable.
- To measure the outcome or effect.
What differentiates a field experiment from a laboratory experiment?
What differentiates a field experiment from a laboratory experiment?
- Field experiments take place in a real-world setting. (correct)
- Field experiments use qualitative data, while laboratory experiments use quantitative data.
- Laboratory experiments involve manipulating multiple independent variables, while field experiments focus on a single variable.
- Laboratory experiments take place in a natural setting.
A researcher is conducting a study to determine if a new drug reduces anxiety. Participants in the control group receive a placebo, while the experimental group receive the actual drug. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
A researcher is conducting a study to determine if a new drug reduces anxiety. Participants in the control group receive a placebo, while the experimental group receive the actual drug. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
- The level of anxiety reported by the participants (correct)
- The number of participants in each group
- The new drug
- The placebo
Which type of research method involves gathering in-depth information about one individual or a small group to understand complex issues?
Which type of research method involves gathering in-depth information about one individual or a small group to understand complex issues?
In an experiment, a researcher aims to study the impact of exercise on happiness levels. Participants are randomly assigned to either a group that exercises for 30 minutes a day or a group that does not exercise. What role does random assignment play in this experiment?
In an experiment, a researcher aims to study the impact of exercise on happiness levels. Participants are randomly assigned to either a group that exercises for 30 minutes a day or a group that does not exercise. What role does random assignment play in this experiment?
What is the defining characteristic of a longitudinal study?
What is the defining characteristic of a longitudinal study?
A researcher discovers a strong positive correlation between ice cream sales and crime rates. What is the most accurate interpretation of this finding?
A researcher discovers a strong positive correlation between ice cream sales and crime rates. What is the most accurate interpretation of this finding?
What is the primary purpose of using a control group in an experimental study?
What is the primary purpose of using a control group in an experimental study?
In an observational study, what is the key difference between structured and unstructured observation?
In an observational study, what is the key difference between structured and unstructured observation?
A researcher wants to investigate the effects of a new teaching method on student test scores. They implement the new method in one class but continue using the old method in another. To avoid a confounding variable, what should the researcher ensure?
A researcher wants to investigate the effects of a new teaching method on student test scores. They implement the new method in one class but continue using the old method in another. To avoid a confounding variable, what should the researcher ensure?
A study finds that participants who sleep more hours per night tend to have better memory recall. Identify the independent and dependent variable.
A study finds that participants who sleep more hours per night tend to have better memory recall. Identify the independent and dependent variable.
A study aims to understand whether room color affects mood. Participants are placed in either a blue room or a red room, and their mood is then measured. What is the independent variable?
A study aims to understand whether room color affects mood. Participants are placed in either a blue room or a red room, and their mood is then measured. What is the independent variable?
During an experiment, some participants are tested in the morning while others are tested in the afternoon. This difference in testing time could be:
During an experiment, some participants are tested in the morning while others are tested in the afternoon. This difference in testing time could be:
An experimenter wants to assess the impact of a new teaching method on student performance, and assesses Class A with a flipped classroom teaching method, while Class B was given the traditional classroom teaching method. What might be the confounding variables in these classes?
An experimenter wants to assess the impact of a new teaching method on student performance, and assesses Class A with a flipped classroom teaching method, while Class B was given the traditional classroom teaching method. What might be the confounding variables in these classes?
A researcher investigates whether sleep deprivation affect cognitive performance. One group is deprived of sleep and one group is allowed to sleep for 8 hours before taking the same test. Which of the following is not an importance of having a control group?
A researcher investigates whether sleep deprivation affect cognitive performance. One group is deprived of sleep and one group is allowed to sleep for 8 hours before taking the same test. Which of the following is not an importance of having a control group?
Which one of the following is an example of a self-report research method?
Which one of the following is an example of a self-report research method?
What is the intention of experiments?
What is the intention of experiments?
In a study to determine whether listening to music improves test scores, students who study while listening to music from Mozart is the experimental group. Which one of these groups is the control group?
In a study to determine whether listening to music improves test scores, students who study while listening to music from Mozart is the experimental group. Which one of these groups is the control group?
Which of the following is not a type of observation?
Which of the following is not a type of observation?
Which one of these describes extraneous variables?
Which one of these describes extraneous variables?
Flashcards
What is an experiment?
What is an experiment?
An investigation looking for a cause-and-effect relationship.
What is an independent variable (IV)?
What is an independent variable (IV)?
The variable the experimenter manipulates in an experiment.
What is a dependent variable (DV)?
What is a dependent variable (DV)?
The variable being measured and expected to change based on the IV.
What are extraneous variables?
What are extraneous variables?
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What are confounding variables?
What are confounding variables?
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What is an experimental group?
What is an experimental group?
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What is a control group?
What is a control group?
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Study Notes
- Research methods refer to the approaches used to investigate different topics.
Research Method Types
- Experiments
- Self-reports
- Case studies
- Observations
- Correlations
- Longitudinal studies
Experiments
- Experiments enable researchers to identify cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
- Researchers investigate how one variable (independent variable) affects another (dependent variable).
Independent vs. Dependent Variable
- Independent Variable (IV) is manipulated by the experimenter and is expected to affect the dependent variable.
- Dependent Variable (DV) is measured and expected to change under the influence of the independent variable (IV).
Example of IV and DV
- A study on caffeine's effect on memory involves giving one group coffee and another group decaffeinated coffee, followed by a memory test.
- Independent Variable (IV): Type of drink consumed (caffeinated vs. decaffeinated coffee).
- Dependent Variable (DV): Participants' total memory scores.
Uncontrolled Variables
- Variables that act randomly, affecting dependent variable, or systematically can affect research
- They can make the results difficult to interpret and can be of two types
- Extraneous variables, factors unrelated to the independent variable, could still influence the dependent variable.
- Confounding variables are specific extraneous variables that systematically vary with the independent variable and influence the dependent variable.
Impact of Uncontrolled Variables in a Study
- Make it harder to detect the real effect of the independent variable
- Lead to incorrect conclusion that the independent variable has an effect when it does not.
- Distort the size of the independent variable's effect.
Experimental and Control Groups
- Experimental group includes one or more situations in an experiment that represent different levels of the independent variable and are compared to a control group
- Control group is a level of the independent variable in an experiment from which the independent variable itself is absent.
Significance of Control Groups
- Allows researchers to compare experimental results to a baseline.
- Isolating the effect of the independent variable becomes easier.
- Helps rule out the impact of uncontrolled variables.
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