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Questions and Answers
Which of the following elements should NOT be included in the background of a study?
What defines a research gap?
Which type of research gap arises when there is contrasting research findings?
Which of the following is NOT typically included in the background of the study?
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What is the primary purpose of a theoretical framework in a study?
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Which of the following best describes a contextual gap?
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What aspect is essential to include as part of the broader objective of a study in the background section?
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Which of the following is an example of a classic literature gap?
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What is the primary role of a dependent variable in research?
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Which of the following best describes an independent variable?
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What does the Input-Process-Output Model (IPO) primarily demonstrate?
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What is the purpose of including a 'Definition of Terms' section in a study?
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How does an operational definition differ from a conceptual definition?
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Which type of diagram can be categorized as a form of a concept map?
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What is the significance of defining the terms used in a study?
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In the Input-Process-Output model, which component is typically considered the output?
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What is the primary purpose of writing a definition of terms in a research paper?
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Which of the following describes extraneous variables?
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What distinguishes a confounding variable from an extraneous variable?
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Which of the following would be classified as a quantitative variable?
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Which definition best describes discrete variables?
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What should be done with acronyms or initials when defining terms?
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Why is it important not to include too many technical terms in the definitions?
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What is one key guideline for formatting terms in a definition of terms section?
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Study Notes
Background of the Study
- Contextualizes the research by providing the backdrop against which the study takes place.
- Includes research problem, significance, context, and relevant literature.
- Must address existing literature, current issues, legal basis, and present problems.
- Requires at least two legal bases for credibility.
- States the general or broad objective of the study.
- Should include detailed explanations supported by data and statistics.
Research Gap
- Represents an area within a topic that remains unexplored or under-researched.
- May involve gaps concerning different variables, conditions, or populations.
Types of Research Gap
- Classic Literature Gap: Limited exploration of new concepts or phenomena.
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Contextual Gaps: Existing research is lacking in specific contexts:
- Specific populations (e.g., age groups, gender, or ethnicity).
- Geographic areas (e.g., cities, countries, or regions).
- Time periods where older studies exist before recent changes.
- Disagreement Gap: Contradictory findings among existing research.
Theoretical Framework
- Anchors studies to well-established theories relevant to the investigation.
- Examples include Second Language Acquisition Theory, Multimedia Learning Theory, and Gamification in Education.
Conceptual Framework
- Reflects the ideas, beliefs, and tentative theories supporting the study's foundation.
Concept Map
- Visual tool depicting relationships between ideas.
- Begins with a main topic, branching into sub-topics.
- Formats include charts, graphic organizers, tables, flowcharts, Venn diagrams, and timelines.
Variables
- Dependent Variable: The effect or outcome presumed from the research problem.
- Independent Variable: The presumed cause that affects the dependent variable; can be manipulated by the researcher.
Input-Process-Output Model (IPO)
- Conceptual model analyzing inputs, processes, and outputs.
- Input: Generally corresponds to the independent variable.
- Process: Interventions and analyses used to achieve results.
- Output: Findings or outcomes derived from the processes applied to solve the problem.
Definition of Terms
- Also known as Operational Definition of Variables (ODV); defines key terms as used in the study.
- Conceptual Definition: Dictionary or encyclopedia meaning.
- Operational Definition: Usage and context-specific meaning within the study.
- Benefits include clarification of technical terms, aiding reader comprehension, and providing quick reference.
Guidelines for Writing Definition of Terms
- Begin with a brief introduction of the terms' scope.
- List terms alphabetically with proper indentation.
- Each term should be concise; avoid excessive technical jargon.
- Clearly define any acronyms with full terms and meanings in parentheses.
Extraneous Variables
- Factors influencing the dependent variable that are not controlled by the researcher.
- When not controlled, they may become confounding variables impacting study conclusions.
Quantitative Variables
- Numeric and measurable variables utilized in quantitative research.
- Discrete Variables: Countable whole numbers, limited to non-negative values (e.g., number of students).
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Description
This quiz explores the essential components of writing the background of a study in research papers. You'll learn about key elements such as the research problem, significance, relevant literature, and the legal bases needed for contextual clarity. Test your understanding of how to effectively present this vital section.