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Questions and Answers
What aspect does the limitations section of a study address?
What aspect does the limitations section of a study address?
What should a conclusion provide to the reader?
What should a conclusion provide to the reader?
Why is including references important in a research report?
Why is including references important in a research report?
What defines a theory in the context of research?
What defines a theory in the context of research?
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Which referencing style is commonly used in Psychology?
Which referencing style is commonly used in Psychology?
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What is NOT a characteristic of the limitations of a study?
What is NOT a characteristic of the limitations of a study?
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Theories in various disciplines serve to:
Theories in various disciplines serve to:
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In what way should references be organized in a research report?
In what way should references be organized in a research report?
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What does data triangulation primarily involve?
What does data triangulation primarily involve?
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Which method is NOT associated with research triangulation?
Which method is NOT associated with research triangulation?
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What is the primary focus of reflexivity in qualitative research?
What is the primary focus of reflexivity in qualitative research?
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What is the role of an audit trail in research?
What is the role of an audit trail in research?
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What does respondent validation involve?
What does respondent validation involve?
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Which section of a research report provides a summary of all the sections?
Which section of a research report provides a summary of all the sections?
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Which of the following is part of the research validity reinforcement processes?
Which of the following is part of the research validity reinforcement processes?
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What is method triangulation?
What is method triangulation?
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Which theoretical framework focuses on understanding lived experiences?
Which theoretical framework focuses on understanding lived experiences?
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What is a paradigm in the context of theory?
What is a paradigm in the context of theory?
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Which of the following best defines ontology?
Which of the following best defines ontology?
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What does interactionism study?
What does interactionism study?
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Which framework can be used to address issues of racial subordination and prejudice?
Which framework can be used to address issues of racial subordination and prejudice?
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What is the purpose of a theoretical framework in research?
What is the purpose of a theoretical framework in research?
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What is a primary concern of feminist theory?
What is a primary concern of feminist theory?
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How does epistemology relate to the study of knowledge?
How does epistemology relate to the study of knowledge?
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Which statement accurately describes a conceptual framework?
Which statement accurately describes a conceptual framework?
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What is NOT considered a fundamental principle of research ethics?
What is NOT considered a fundamental principle of research ethics?
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In research, what role does a theoretical framework play?
In research, what role does a theoretical framework play?
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In the Little Albert experiment, what method did Watson use to instill fear?
In the Little Albert experiment, what method did Watson use to instill fear?
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Which of the following describes unethical research practices demonstrated by John Watson?
Which of the following describes unethical research practices demonstrated by John Watson?
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Which aspect of reality does the discussion of realism and relativism in ontology pertain to?
Which aspect of reality does the discussion of realism and relativism in ontology pertain to?
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What distinguishes a theoretical framework from a conceptual framework in research?
What distinguishes a theoretical framework from a conceptual framework in research?
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How can existing theories be utilized in qualitative research?
How can existing theories be utilized in qualitative research?
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What ethical consideration involves respecting the identity and information of research participants?
What ethical consideration involves respecting the identity and information of research participants?
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Which unethical research practice involves providing misleading information to participants?
Which unethical research practice involves providing misleading information to participants?
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What is the primary purpose of informed consent in research studies?
What is the primary purpose of informed consent in research studies?
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Which of the following is a requirement for conducting research with vulnerable populations?
Which of the following is a requirement for conducting research with vulnerable populations?
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What does confidentiality in research primarily protect?
What does confidentiality in research primarily protect?
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Which of the following is an example of academic dishonesty in research?
Which of the following is an example of academic dishonesty in research?
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Which of the following is NOT a key ethical requirement in research?
Which of the following is NOT a key ethical requirement in research?
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What action is required if a participant becomes distressed during a research study?
What action is required if a participant becomes distressed during a research study?
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Study Notes
Triangulation in Research
- Data triangulation uses multiple data sources in time, space, and person to ensure reliability and consistency.
- Researcher triangulation involves multiple researchers in coding, analysis, and interpretation decisions.
- Method triangulation involves using various data collection methods, such as interviews and observations.
- Audit trail refers to transparently detailing the steps from research start to findings, including raw data, field notes, and transcripts.
- Reflexivity involves examining personal assumptions and values and how they affect research decisions.
Research Report Structure
- A research report is organized into sections: Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion, Limitations, Conclusion, and References.
- The abstract concisely summarizes the entire report, providing an overview for readers.
- The limitations section highlights design flaws or methodological constraints influencing the findings and generalizability of the research.
- The conclusion synthesizes key points, emphasizes the study's significance, and may suggest avenues for future research.
- The references list acknowledges all sources used in the report, enabling readers to verify the information.
Theory in Research
- Theory is a big idea that explains and predicts phenomena, organizing various ideas with high explanatory power.
- A theory can serve as a research paradigm, a lens for understanding the phenomenon under investigation, or new knowledge emerging from the study.
- A paradigm is a fundamental belief with assumptions about ontology and epistemology, shaping the approach to research.
- Ontology concerns philosophical assumptions about the nature of social reality, encompassing concepts like realism and relativism.
- Epistemology focuses on the study of knowledge, exploring how we acquire and understand knowledge.
- A theoretical framework is a structure guiding research that relies on a formal theory or multiple theories.
- A conceptual framework incorporates formal theories, concepts, and empirical findings from literature to explain relationships between ideas and their relevance to the research study.
Ethical Research
- Ethical research adheres to national and international principles and accords.
- Unethical research practices include deception, plagiarism, misinterpretation of results, fabrication or falsification of data, disrespecting privacy, anonymity, and confidentiality, neglecting the rights of vulnerable groups, and failing to consider environmental impacts.
- Ethical requirements for research include informed consent, confidentiality, anonymity, referral for participants in distress, discontinuance, consideration of vulnerable populations, quality assurance, proper analysis and reporting, and ethical reporting and publication.
Introduction to Statistics
- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data to make informed decisions.
- Statistical analysis helps describe, summarize, and investigate data to produce essential decision-making information.
- Studying statistics is crucial as data is ubiquitous and statistical techniques influence many decisions impacting our lives.
- Regardless of profession, individuals will make professional decisions requiring data analysis.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts of triangulation in research, including data, researcher, and method triangulation. It also discusses the structure of a research report, emphasizing key sections like the abstract, methodology, and limitations. Test your knowledge on these critical research principles.
