Research Methods and Report Writing
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Questions and Answers

What aspect does the limitations section of a study address?

  • The theoretical framework used
  • The characteristics of design or methodology that influenced findings (correct)
  • The ethical considerations in conducting research
  • The historical context of the research topic

    • What should a conclusion provide to the reader?

  • A detailed summary of all sections covered
  • Results derived from statistical analysis
  • A restatement of the research problem
  • Synthesis of key points and future research recommendations (correct)

    • Why is including references important in a research report?

  • To enhance the visual appeal of the document
  • To provide a summary of main findings
  • To elaborate on research methodology
  • To acknowledge sources and enable verification (correct)

    • What defines a theory in the context of research?

    <p>An explanation that challenges existing knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which referencing style is commonly used in Psychology?

    <p>APA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of the limitations of a study?

    <p>They only impact the study's results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Theories in various disciplines serve to:

    <p>Organize ideas and enhance explanatory power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way should references be organized in a research report?

    <p>In alphabetical order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does data triangulation primarily involve?

    <p>Combining data from various sources in time, space, and person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT associated with research triangulation?

    <p>Using different testing sites for consistency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of reflexivity in qualitative research?

    <p>Examining one’s own biases and their impact on research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an audit trail in research?

    <p>To keep detailed records of the research process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does respondent validation involve?

    <p>Having participants review the accuracy of interpreted data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of a research report provides a summary of all the sections?

    <p>Abstract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is part of the research validity reinforcement processes?

    <p>Collecting data from various researchers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is method triangulation?

    <p>Implementing multiple methods of data collection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theoretical framework focuses on understanding lived experiences?

    <p>Phenomenology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a paradigm in the context of theory?

    <p>A basic belief with assumptions about ontology and epistemology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines ontology?

    <p>Philosophical assumptions about what constitutes social reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does interactionism study?

    <p>Emerging social processes from human interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which framework can be used to address issues of racial subordination and prejudice?

    <p>Critical race theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a theoretical framework in research?

    <p>To provide a blueprint for the entire research inquiry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary concern of feminist theory?

    <p>Inequality in gender relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does epistemology relate to the study of knowledge?

    <p>It is concerned with philosophical assumptions related to knowledge acquisition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a conceptual framework?

    <p>It includes theories as well as additional concepts and findings from the literature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT considered a fundamental principle of research ethics?

    <p>Fulfillment of personal goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In research, what role does a theoretical framework play?

    <p>It is the primary means by which the research problem is understood and investigated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Little Albert experiment, what method did Watson use to instill fear?

    <p>Loud noises paired with a neutral stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes unethical research practices demonstrated by John Watson?

    <p>Classifying behavior without informed consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of reality does the discussion of realism and relativism in ontology pertain to?

    <p>The classification and interpretation of what is considered real.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a theoretical framework from a conceptual framework in research?

    <p>A theoretical framework relies solely on formal theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can existing theories be utilized in qualitative research?

    <p>Adaptation, confirmation, or generation of new theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical consideration involves respecting the identity and information of research participants?

    <p>Anonymity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unethical research practice involves providing misleading information to participants?

    <p>Deception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of informed consent in research studies?

    <p>To ensure participants understand the research process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement for conducting research with vulnerable populations?

    <p>Greater scrutiny and safeguards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does confidentiality in research primarily protect?

    <p>The identity of participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of academic dishonesty in research?

    <p>Misinterpretation of results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key ethical requirement in research?

    <p>Deception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is required if a participant becomes distressed during a research study?

    <p>Make an appropriate referral for psychological support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Triangulation in Research

    • Data triangulation uses multiple data sources in time, space, and person to ensure reliability and consistency.
    • Researcher triangulation involves multiple researchers in coding, analysis, and interpretation decisions.
    • Method triangulation involves using various data collection methods, such as interviews and observations.
    • Audit trail refers to transparently detailing the steps from research start to findings, including raw data, field notes, and transcripts.
    • Reflexivity involves examining personal assumptions and values and how they affect research decisions.

    Research Report Structure

    • A research report is organized into sections: Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion, Limitations, Conclusion, and References.
    • The abstract concisely summarizes the entire report, providing an overview for readers.
    • The limitations section highlights design flaws or methodological constraints influencing the findings and generalizability of the research.
    • The conclusion synthesizes key points, emphasizes the study's significance, and may suggest avenues for future research.
    • The references list acknowledges all sources used in the report, enabling readers to verify the information.

    Theory in Research

    • Theory is a big idea that explains and predicts phenomena, organizing various ideas with high explanatory power.
    • A theory can serve as a research paradigm, a lens for understanding the phenomenon under investigation, or new knowledge emerging from the study.
    • A paradigm is a fundamental belief with assumptions about ontology and epistemology, shaping the approach to research.
    • Ontology concerns philosophical assumptions about the nature of social reality, encompassing concepts like realism and relativism.
    • Epistemology focuses on the study of knowledge, exploring how we acquire and understand knowledge.
    • A theoretical framework is a structure guiding research that relies on a formal theory or multiple theories.
    • A conceptual framework incorporates formal theories, concepts, and empirical findings from literature to explain relationships between ideas and their relevance to the research study.

    Ethical Research

    • Ethical research adheres to national and international principles and accords.
    • Unethical research practices include deception, plagiarism, misinterpretation of results, fabrication or falsification of data, disrespecting privacy, anonymity, and confidentiality, neglecting the rights of vulnerable groups, and failing to consider environmental impacts.
    • Ethical requirements for research include informed consent, confidentiality, anonymity, referral for participants in distress, discontinuance, consideration of vulnerable populations, quality assurance, proper analysis and reporting, and ethical reporting and publication.

    Introduction to Statistics

    • Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data to make informed decisions.
    • Statistical analysis helps describe, summarize, and investigate data to produce essential decision-making information.
    • Studying statistics is crucial as data is ubiquitous and statistical techniques influence many decisions impacting our lives.
    • Regardless of profession, individuals will make professional decisions requiring data analysis.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts of triangulation in research, including data, researcher, and method triangulation. It also discusses the structure of a research report, emphasizing key sections like the abstract, methodology, and limitations. Test your knowledge on these critical research principles.

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