Research Methods and Data Types

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Questions and Answers

What is Secondary Data?

Data obtained directly from observations

Qualitative data

Data obtained from people's descriptions or interpretations (correct)

Numerical data

What is the definition of Primary Data?

Directly emerges or emanates from an observable phenomena

What does Quantitative research yield?

Information that is inherently numerical in nature

What is the nature of information yielded by Qualitative research?

Information that cannot be easily reduced to numbers Signup and view all the answers

Define External Validity.

Extent to which the results are applicable to other contexts Signup and view all the answers

What does Internal Validity refer to?

Extent to which a research design enables accurate conclusions Signup and view all the answers

What is Action Research?

Applied research focusing on finding a solution to a local problem Signup and view all the answers

What is a Case Study?

In-depth data gathered on a single individual or event Signup and view all the answers

What is Content Analysis?

Detailed examination of the contents for patterns, themes, or biases Signup and view all the answers

What does Ethnography involve?

In-depth study of a cultural group in a natural setting Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Experimental Research?

Participants are randomly assigned to groups for treatments Signup and view all the answers

What is Ex Post Facto research?

Investigating past conditions to understand relationships Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of Grounded Theory Research?

To derive theory through stages of data collection and interpretation Signup and view all the answers

What does Phenomenological Research aim to understand?

Participants' perspectives of physical or social realities Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Quasiexperimental Research?

Method similar to experimental research without random assignment Signup and view all the answers

What is Historical Research?

Reconstructing or interpreting historical events through documents Signup and view all the answers

What is Survey Research focused on?

Determining characteristics' incidence, frequency, and distribution in a population Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research Data Types

Secondary Data: Collected from descriptions or interpretations by others regarding observable phenomena.
Primary Data: Directly gathered from the observable phenomena itself.

Research Methodologies

Quantitative Research: Involves numerical data or information easily quantifiable.
Qualitative Research: Focuses on non-numerical data, providing deep insights into complex phenomena.

Validity in Research

External Validity: Measures how well research findings apply to broader contexts beyond the study.
Internal Validity: Determines accuracy of conclusions regarding cause-and-effect relationships within the research.

Applied Research

Action Research: Targets local problems and seeks solutions tailored to specific contexts.
Case Study: In-depth qualitative analysis of a single individual, program, or event to explore poorly understood situations.

Analytical Approaches

Content Analysis: Systematic examination of materials to identify patterns, themes, or biases.
Ethnography: In-depth qualitative inquiry studying cultural groups in their natural environments.

Experimental Designs

Experimental Research: Participants are randomly assigned to groups to assess the impact of various treatments or interventions.
Ex Post Facto Research: Investigates already occurred conditions to determine relationships with subsequent behaviors or characteristics.
Quasiexperimental Research: Similar to experimental but lacks random assignment of participants to groups.

Theory Development

Grounded Theory Research: Aims to generate theories through extensive data collection and analysis stages.
Phenomenological Research: Understands participants’ interpretations of their physical or social realities.

Historical and Survey Research

Historical Research: Reconstructs or interprets past events by gathering historical documents or oral histories.
Survey Research: Assesses incidence and frequency of characteristics in a population, common in various research fields such as business and sociology.

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Description

Test your understanding of various research methodologies and data types in this insightful quiz. Explore concepts like primary and secondary data, quantitative and qualitative research, and the aspects of validity. Enhance your knowledge about applied research techniques and analytical approaches in the research field.