Questions and Answers
What type of sampling method ensures that every individual in a larger population has an equal chance of being included in a study?
Which method involves the researcher directly observing participants to gather information?
What is the primary purpose of formulating a hypothesis in research?
In the context of laboratory experiments, which of the following best describes the relationship between cause and effect?
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What is the role of informed consent in research involving subjects?
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Which technique involves observing subjects in their natural environment without manipulation?
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In the context of research methodology, what does correlation typically signify?
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What is the primary focus of the experimental method in research?
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Which of the following is a necessary step before conducting research according to ethical guidelines?
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What ethical issue may arise from the use of deception in research?
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In systematic observation, the primary goal is to:
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What must researchers provide during the debriefing process?
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When selecting a research topic, what is a key consideration?
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What is a key characteristic of accuracy in information gathering?
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Which aspect is essential for ensuring objectivity in evaluating information?
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What does skepticism in research methodology encourage?
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Which statement best reflects the contributions of Norman Triplett to social psychology?
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What did McDougall argue regarding the study of social psychology?
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What was a significant finding from Triplett's research on cyclists?
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What aspect of Floyd Allport's contribution to social psychology is highlighted?
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Which of the following statements reflects an open-minded attitude in research?
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Study Notes
Research Methodology in Social Psychology
- Research literature review is essential to understand previous findings.
- Hypothesis formulation predicts expected outcomes of a study.
- Ordinary individuals can shift from good to bad behaviors in prison settings, illustrating the impact of roles on behavior.
Selecting Subjects
- A random sample ensures every person in the larger population has an equal chance of selection.
- Informed consent informs participants about study procedures, risks, benefits, and their rights.
Laboratory Experiments
- Conducted in controlled environments to establish cause and effect relationships.
- Prisoners and guards serve as subjects to study outcomes like loneliness, aggression, and identity loss.
Data Collection Techniques
- Self-reports collect perspectives from prisoners and guards.
- Observational methods are utilized by experimenters.
- Archival information supports data analysis.
Data Analysis and Reporting
- Analyze data descriptively to extract meaningful patterns.
- Findings should be shared to contribute to a broader understanding.
Common Sense vs. Psychology
- Psychology studies behaviors that deviate from logical expectations, illustrating the complexity of human actions.
Systematic Observation
- Utilizes structured observation techniques, including naturalistic observations and surveys.
- Observations aim to support or refute hypotheses systematically.
Correlation Types
- Positive correlation indicates a direct relationship; negative correlation signifies an inverse relationship; no correlation suggests no relationship.
Experimental Method Variables
- Independent variables are manipulated by researchers, while dependent variables are measured to assess outcomes.
Conducting Ethical Research
- Ethical research may involve temporary deception concerning study purposes, necessitating informed consent and debriefing.
Informed Consent
- Participants receive comprehensive information about the research before deciding to participate.
Debriefing
- After participation, subjects are provided a full study description, including explanations for any deception used.
Research Conduct Guidelines
- Topic selection should pique interest and aim for clarity, accuracy, and objectivity in information gathering.
- Skepticism and open-mindedness are crucial for verifying results and adapting perspectives.
Historical Background of Social Psychology
- Social psychology emerged from informal observations of human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
- Norman Triplett's 1895 study on task performance in social contexts laid the foundation for experimental social psychology, revealing increased performance in the presence of others.
- First social psychology book published by McDougall in 1908, emphasizing innate tendencies in social behavior.
- Floyd Allport’s 1924 textbook introduced a more modern perspective, emphasizing that social behavior is influenced by various factors, including others' presence and actions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on research methodology, including literature review, formulating hypotheses, and subject selection. This quiz covers essential concepts and practices for conducting research, particularly in social sciences. Understand the role of random sampling and informed consent in studies.
