Research Methodology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the total number of sections for Grade 7 students?

  • 10 (correct)
  • 12
  • 8
  • 15

    • Which grade has the highest number of respondents?

  • Grade 8
  • Grade 10
  • Grade 9
  • Grade 7 (correct)

    • In stratified random sampling, what is ensured?

  • The sample represents specific subgroups or strata (correct)
  • Equal representation from each subgroup by default
  • Each subgroup is randomly selected regardless of size
  • Random selection without any subgroup considerations

    • How is the nth respondent determined in systematic random sampling?

    <p>By randomly selecting the first respondent and then choosing every nth respondent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sampling technique is described as selecting respondents based on specific criteria?

    <p>Purposive sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of qualitative research listed?

    <p>It can include in-depth interviews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement when identifying the nth number in systematic random sampling?

    <p>The number of female and male respondents in the class should be the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which described method is NOT a form of quantitative research?

    <p>In-depth interviews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is collected through direct observation, interviews, and questionnaires?

    <p>Primary data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of stratified random sampling?

    <p>It ensures the sample represents specific subgroups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which interview type is characterized by a flexible format without a fixed set of questions?

    <p>Unstructured interview</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the Hawthorne Effect have on research participants?

    <p>Participants may change their behavior due to awareness of being observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula is used to determine the sample size from a population?

    <p>Slovin’s Formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is secondary data primarily derived from?

    <p>Analysis and discussions from previous research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a population refer to in research terminology?

    <p>A large collection of individuals with a common characteristic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of participant observation in research?

    <p>To observe and interact with participants during data collection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research design aims to collect data at one point in time and analyze it?

    <p>Descriptive research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which observation method involves the researcher actively engaging with the participants?

    <p>Participant observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interview has a fixed format and strictly adheres to a predetermined set of questions?

    <p>Structured interview</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of research, which of the following is a characteristic of primary data?

    <p>It includes first-hand information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the sample size represent in a research study?

    <p>The subset of the population being studied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of secondary data?

    <p>It is second-hand information from other studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Hawthorne Effect specifically describe in research?

    <p>Changes in behavior due to participant awareness of observation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sampling technique focuses on ensuring the representation of specific subgroups within a population?

    <p>Stratified random sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be ensured when determining the nth number in systematic random sampling?

    <p>The number of male and female respondents should be equal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the provided sampling techniques, which one allows for the selection of respondents based on their characteristics?

    <p>Purposive sampling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used to reduce bias by selecting subjects in a structured manner?

    <p>Systematic random sampling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of students has the least number of respondents according to the sample data provided?

    <p>Grade 7.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of research is a survey questionnaire primarily utilized?

    <p>Descriptive research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sections does Grade 10 contain and how are the respondents divided?

    <p>8 sections averaging 7 respondents per section.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents qualitative research methods mentioned?

    <p>In-depth interviews and observation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between quantitative and qualitative research as indicated?

    <p>Quantitative research gathers numerical data while qualitative focuses on emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Data

    • Data in research is any information observed and collected to validate research findings and draw conclusions. This data can be qualitative or quantitative.

    Primary Sources

    • Provide raw, first-hand information
    • Observation
    • Interview
    • Questionnaire

    Secondary Sources

    • Data that is usually second-hand information, discussion, and analysis from other writers and researchers, including books, thesis, and dissertations.

    Primary Data

    Observation

    • Non-participant observation: The researcher observes without actively participating.
    • Participant Observation: The researcher actively participates while observing. This may result in the Hawthorne effect.
    • Hawthorne effect: Individuals modify or improve their behavior in response to awareness of being observed.

    Interview

    • Structured Interview: The interview is based on a standardized set of questions asked in a specific order.
    • Semi-Structured Interview: Allows for flexibility and allows the researcher to adapt the questions based on the interviewee's responses.
    • Unstructured Interview: Has no predetermined questions, the conversation flows naturally.

    Questionnaire

    • A set of structured questions used to gather information from a sample of individuals.

    Secondary Data

    • Used to validate primary research findings.

    Population and Sample Size

    • Population: A large collection of individuals with a common characteristic or trait. This is the main focus of the scientific query.
    • Sample Size : A subset of the population being studied. It represents the larger population and is used to draw inferences about the population.
    • Slovin's Formula is used to calculate the sample size based on the population size and margin of error. Formula - n = N/(1+Ne^2)
      • n = sample size
      • N = population size
      • e = margin of error

    Sampling Techniques

    • Probability Sampling: Used to create a representative sample
    • Stratified Random Sampling: The population is divided into subgroups (stratified).
    • Example: Divide students by grade level
    • Systematic Random Sampling: The researcher randomly picks the first subject, then selects every nth subject on the list.
      • Example: If the 7th name is selected, the next subject would be the 14th
      • To be representative, ensure an equal number of male and female respondents in each class.

    Research Methodologies

    • Qualitative Research: Focuses on understanding meaning and exploring complex social phenomena.
      • Purposive Sampling: Choosing participants based on specific characteristics or traits related to the research topic.
      • In-depth Interview: Open-ended conversations to gain a deep understanding of individual experiences, perspectives, and insights.
    • Quantitative Research: Focuses on measuring and quantifying data to examine relationships, trends, and patterns.
      • Probability Sampling: Used to ensure the sample is representative of the population.
      • Survey Questionnaire: A structured set of questions used to collect quantitative data about a population.
    • Experimental Research: Focuses on manipulating variables to study the effects on a dependent variable.
      • Observation: Used to collect data under controlled conditions. The researcher observes and records data related to the experimental variables.
      • Quantitative: Data is collected and analyzed using statistical methods

    Research Data

    • Data is any information that has been observed and accumulated to support research findings.
    • Data can be either qualitative or quantitative.

    Primary Sources

    • Provide raw, first-hand information
    • Examples of primary sources include:
      • Observation
      • Interview
      • Questionnaire

    Observation

    • A method of data collection where the researcher observes and records behavior or events.

    Non-Participant Observation

    • The researcher observes the phenomenon without actively participating in the situation.

    Participant Observation

    • The researcher actively participates in the phenomenon being studied.

    Hawthorne Effect

    • Individuals change or improve their behavior when they are aware of being observed.

    Interview

    • A method where the researcher asks questions to individuals to gather data.

    Structured Interview

    • The researcher follows a pre-defined set of questions and does not deviate from the structure.

    Unstructured Interview

    • The researcher has a list of general topics but allows the conversation to flow naturally.

    Semi-Structured Interview

    • The researcher has a set of questions, but is willing to adapt to new topics that arise during the conversation.

    Questionnaire

    • A set of written questions that are distributed to respondents.

    Secondary Data

    • Data that is not originally collected by the researcher.
    • It refers to information analyzed and discussed by other writers and researchers.
    • Examples include books, thesis, and dissertations.

    Population

    • A large collection of individuals with common characteristics or traits.

    Sample

    • A subset of the population that is selected to represent the larger population and is used to draw inferences.

    Slovin's Formula

    • This formula is used to determine the sample size of a population.
    • Formula: n = (N / (1 + Ne^2))
      • n= sample size
      • N= population size
      • e= margin of error

    Sampling Technique

    • A method used to select a sample from a population.

    Stratified Random Sampling

    • Ensures that the sample represents specific subgroups within the population.
    • Each subgroup is called a stratum.

    Systematic Random Sampling

    • The researcher randomly selects the first item or subject and then chooses every nth subject from the list.
    • Example: if the 7th subject is chosen, the researcher would then select subjects 14th, 21st, 28th, etc.

    Research Methods

    • Different approaches to conducting research.

    Qualitative Research

    • Focuses on understanding the meaning and interpretation of phenomena.
    • Examples:
      • Purposive sampling
      • In-depth interviews

    Quantitative Research

    • Focuses on measuring and quantifying phenomena.

    • Examples:

      • Probability sampling
      • Survey questionnaires

    Experimental Research

    • A method used to test hypotheses and determine cause-and-effect relationships.
    • Uses observation, quantitative data, and variables.

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    Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Techniques PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the different types of research data, including primary and secondary sources. Understand the concepts of qualitative and quantitative data along with observation and interview techniques. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of research methodologies.

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