RESEARCH

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precise, systematic process of gathering information. extremely important part of all research endeavors

DATA COLLECTION

kinds of information researchers obtain on the subject of their research

DATA

Types of Research Data

Cross-sectional, Retrospective, Prospective

gathers present data on events occurring at that time. limited to the subject at one point. gathered when time-framed is of short duration.

CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA Signup and view all the answers

“Ex-Post Facto Studies”. Data are collected on events in the “past” before study design is completed.

RETROSPECTIVE DATA Signup and view all the answers

events have occurred prior to the initiation of the study. data covering the event has already been gathered.

RETROSPECTIVE DATA Signup and view all the answers

refers to the “future” data or events that occurred AFTER the study is completed

PROSPECTIVE DATA Signup and view all the answers

Researchers personally collected data from actual respondents using interviews/ questionnaires. Not accessible to anyone else until it is published.

PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION Signup and view all the answers

Researchers uses data that was collected for another po. Easier to collect and gather than primary data.

SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION Signup and view all the answers

Steps in data collection

ECAD. Explain, Clarify, Administer, Describe Signup and view all the answers

Data phases of the research process

<ol> <li>Target population must be DEFINED 2. Methods of selection individuals from the target population must be DETERMINED 3. The methods of collecting the data must be SPECIFIED. 4. the way in which data are to be processed should be EXPLAINED</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

elements to consider in data collection

<ol> <li>Nature of research Problem 2. Design of the study. 3. The variables. 4. Sampling units. 5. Amount of time available to complete the study. 6. Adequacy of resources available.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Methods of collecting Data

<ol> <li>Use of already existing Data. 2. Observer’s Data. 3. Use of Self-record/report approach</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Data gathered through actual observation.

OBSERVERS DATA Signup and view all the answers

does not share the same millieu

Non-Participants Observer Signup and view all the answers

share the same millieu

Participants Observer Signup and view all the answers

observer identifies herself and her study

Overt Non-participants observer Signup and view all the answers

Observers does not identifies herself and her study

COVERT Non-participants onservers Signup and view all the answers

involve in the subject and has full knowledge of the study

OVERt participants Observer Signup and view all the answers

interact w/ the subject & observed them WItHOUT their Knowledge

COVERT participants observer Signup and view all the answers

Methods of observation

<ol> <li>STRUCTURED OBSERVATIONS. 2. UNSTRUCTURED OBSERVATION</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

when researchers has prior knowledge of the phenomenon of interest

STRUCTURED OBSERVATION Signup and view all the answers

researchers describe events/behavior with NO preconceived ideas of what will be seen/ observed

UNSTRUCTURED OBSERVATION Signup and view all the answers

Categories of information gathered through observation

<ol> <li>Characteristic, attitudes, conditions of the subject. 2. verbal and non-verbal communication. 3. pt. activities. 4. skills in task performance. 5. environmental conditions</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

uses of specially prepared documents intended to collect data called “INSTRUMENT “. describe tools, devices, and other measures

Uses of self-record/report approach Signup and view all the answers

uses series of questionnaires. Gather CONSENSUS, opinions, and judgements

Use of DELPHI TECHNIQUE Signup and view all the answers

types of delphi technique

CLASSIC DELPHI & MODIFIED DELPHI Signup and view all the answers

for panels, uses questions

CLASSIC DELPHI Signup and view all the answers

for focus group uses interviews

MODIFIED DELPHI Signup and view all the answers

set of principles for collecting data based in actual incident and NOT hypothetical

CRITICAL INCIDENT TECHNIQUE Signup and view all the answers

researchers developed a BLANK to define data before initiating data collection

CODE BOOK Signup and view all the answers

process of transforming data into numerical symbols that can be easily entered in the computer

CODING Signup and view all the answers

Data Collection

A precise, systematic process of gathering information for research.