Research Methodology in Agriculture

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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of a literature review?

To select experimental design and treatments
To formulate a hypothesis
To evaluate previous research and lead to a research question (correct)
To identify research problems and objectives

What is the next step after identifying research problems and objectives?

Formulation of hypothesis (correct)
Data collection and analysis
Literature review
Selection of experimental design and treatments

What is the primary reason why agriculturalists need to conduct research?

To improve their experimental design
To collect and report data
To discover new facts or principles (correct)
To apply existing knowledge

What is the purpose of stating the objectives in the scientific method?

To guide the experiment and data analysis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of statistics in the context of research?

The science of creating and applying techniques to evaluate uncertainty (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of experiment is RCBD?

Randomized Complete Block Design (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of statistical analysis in research?

To evaluate uncertainty in inductive inference (A) Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for conducting research in agriculture?

Anybody, including agriculturalists and breeders (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of statistical analysis in the scientific method?

To analyze and interpret data (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the scientific method?

Reporting and interpretation of results (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of arriving at a reasonable conclusion through observation and experiment called?

Scientific method (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a prerequisite for a successful experiment?

All of the above, including literature review, formulation of hypothesis, and more (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an experiment in research?

To obtain new facts or confirm previous results (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is inductive reasoning important in research?

Because it involves uncertainty and risk (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can be a source of literature for a literature review?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of research in agriculture?

A careful study or investigation to discover new facts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of replication in an experiment?

To increase the scope of inference of experimental results (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an experimental unit in the context of an experiment?

A unit of materials to which one application of a treatment is applied (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a preliminary experiment?

To try out a large number of treatments to obtain leads for future work (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical experiment in the context of experimental design?

An experiment that compares responses to different treatments using sufficient observations (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of randomization in experimental design?

To control the main source of variation in field experiments (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a good experimental design?

It includes replication, randomization, and error control (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an experimental plot in the context of experimental design?

To make random assignments of treatments to experimental units (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is experimental material in the context of experimental design?

A material that is representative of the population being tested (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research in Agriculture

Research is a careful study or investigation to discover new facts or information.
It involves inductive reasoning to answer problems, with a risk of making incorrect decisions.
Statistical evaluation is necessary to make informed decisions.

Scientific Method

The scientific method is a process of arriving at a reasonable conclusion through observation and experiment.
It involves the light of present knowledge on the subject.

Experimental Design

Experimental design is a rule of assigning treatments to experimental plots.
A proper experimental design must include:
- Replication
- Randomization
- Error control
A good experimental design enables true comparisons between treatments and controls the main source of variation in field experiments.

Types of Experiments

There are three categories of experiments:
- Preliminary experiment: tries out a large number of treatments to obtain leads for future work.
- Critical experiment: compares responses to different treatments using sufficient observations to detect meaningful differences.
- (No third category mentioned)

Experimental Materials

Experimental material is a material that should be representative of the population to which treatments will be tested.
Examples of experimental materials include:
- Plants
- Animals
- Water
- Fertilizer

Experimental Unit and Plot

Experimental unit is the unit of materials to which one application of a treatment is applied.
Examples of experimental units include:
- An animal
- A whole plant
- A pot in the greenhouse
Experimental plot refers to the unit on which random assignment of treatments is made.

Replication

Replication is the number of treatments repeated in an experiment.
The functions of replication are:
- To provide an estimate of experimental error.
- To improve the precision of an experiment by reducing the standard deviation of a treatment mean.
- To increase the scope of inference of experimental by selecting and appropriate use of more variable experimental units.
- To effect control of the error variance.

Literature Review

Literature review is a critical synthesis of previous research.
It leads logically to the research question.
Literature can include:
- Books
- Journal articles
- Internet (electronic journals)
- Newspapers/magazines
- Thesis and dissertations
- Agricultural research methods

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Description

This quiz covers the principles of research methodology in agriculture, including the scientific method, literature review, hypothesis formation, and experimental design. It also touches on treatment selection, replication, and statistical analysis.