Research Methodology Errors
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Questions and Answers

What type of bias arises when an untrained researcher administers a physical activity questionnaire?

  • Response bias
  • Selection bias
  • Information bias
  • Observer bias (correct)

    • What is the term for incorrect answers from participants due to misinterpretation of a question, recall bias, and sensitive issues?

  • Observer bias
  • Information bias
  • Response bias (correct)
  • Selection bias

    • Which of the following is an example of information bias arising from data transfer errors?

  • Misreporting of income
  • Judging depression based on self-report
  • Using an uncalibrated weighing scale
  • Errors when transferring responses from a paper questionnaire to an electronic database (correct)

    • What type of bias occurs when only undergraduate students are included in a study?

    <p>Selection bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of using a wrongly calibrated weighing scale to measure participant weight?

    <p>Measurement error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might participants provide inaccurate information about their household income?

    <p>Due to a sensitive issue related to the question</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of instrument bias in research studies?

    <p>Measurement tool calibration errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common consequence of poor questionnaire design?

    <p>Information bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of assessor bias in research studies?

    <p>Lack of 'blinding' to exposure or outcome status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of selection bias?

    <p>Systematic error arising from mistakes during participant selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of measurement tool calibration errors?

    <p>Information bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between validity and reliability?

    <p>Validity refers to the absence of bias, while reliability refers to the consistency of measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of studies are most susceptible to information bias?

    <p>Self-report questionnaire-based studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be used to confirm exposures in a study?

    <p>Any of the above, or a combination of them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of information bias in a study?

    <p>Compromised validity of study results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to double-check disease outcomes based on self-reports?

    <p>To minimize false positive findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can introduce measurement error in a study?

    <p>Relying on self-reports from participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential limitation of retrospective studies relying on self-reports?

    <p>Information bias due to measurement error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bias occurs when participants intentionally provide incorrect answers due to careless behavior?

    <p>Information bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a participant giving inaccurate information due to poor recall?

    <p>Forgetting to report past medication use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for errors in correctly classifying participants as having been exposed or having the disease outcome?

    <p>Misclassification bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a participant's intentional wrong answer?

    <p>Providing random answers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for errors in measurement tools that can lead to incorrect classifications?

    <p>Instrumental bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of participant selection bias?

    <p>Self-selection of participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of error occurs when a researcher incorrectly transfers data from a paper form to an electronic form?

    <p>Data transfer error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A researcher uses a questionnaire that is not validated for a specific population. What type of bias is likely to occur?

    <p>Information bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A researcher measures participants' blood pressure using a machine that has not been calibrated. What type of error is likely to occur?

    <p>Measurement error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A researcher is trained to administer a cognitive function questionnaire but not a physical activity questionnaire. What type of error is likely to occur?

    <p>Observer bias due to lack of training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bias occurs when a researcher selectively includes only participants who are easy to recruit?

    <p>Selection bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A researcher misdiagnoses a participant's condition due to a clinical error. What type of bias is likely to occur?

    <p>Diagnostic bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

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