CRIM170 Research Methods Exam 1
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Questions and Answers

Most of what humans know about the world around us is based on:

  • Personal observation (correct)
  • Experimental testing
  • Theoretical assumptions
  • Informed consent
  • Which of the following choices is NOT commonly seen as an error of inquiry?

  • Overgeneralization
  • Detailed analysis (correct)
  • Inaccurate observations
  • Illogical reasoning
  • What does anonymity refer to in research?

  • Sharing results without identifying individuals
  • Protecting participants' identities from everyone, including researchers (correct)
  • Identifying participants through their responses
  • Providing participants with informed consent
  • Which method ensures that participants in a research project are not harmed?

    <p>Informed consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recognized purpose of research?

    <p>Rhetoric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What error was made when the professor concluded that the majority of students have a positive view of the president based on a class of 50 students?

    <p>Over-generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes 'the science of finding out'?

    <p>Methodology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves deciding how best to measure a concept in research?

    <p>Operationalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of a research proposal typically includes both a problem statement and context for the topic?

    <p>Introduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the statement that 'sexual assault is limited to instances of unwanted or unsolicited vaginal penetration by a male perpetrator,' what process has been performed?

    <p>Operationalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What variable is known to cause a change in another variable?

    <p>Independent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of variable is the primary focus of a study and is influenced by different conditions?

    <p>Dependent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a situation where two variables are related to each other?

    <p>Correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must researchers consider regarding participant deception in studies?

    <p>It may be permissible in certain circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Institutional Review Board (IRB) primarily aim to protect?

    <p>Human Subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the shared understanding of reality based on social agreements?

    <p>Agreement reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common error of inquiry that is NOT recognized in scientific research?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research method ensures that participants cannot be identified by their responses?

    <p>Anonymity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a method that ensures research participants are not harmed and their participation is voluntary?

    <p>Informed consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of research is most effective at answering questions about how and why phenomena occur?

    <p>Qualitative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a variable that generally causes a change in another variable?

    <p>Independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of variable is the primary focus of study and is often manipulated in an experiment?

    <p>Independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the relationship between two variables?

    <p>Correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered an independent variable?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?

    <p>To protect human subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept encompasses the accumulation of knowledge in various scientific fields?

    <p>Epistemology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Should researchers ever consider deceiving participants in their studies?

    <p>Deception may be ethically acceptable in certain situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred research method for analyzing the frequency of drug crimes?

    <p>Quantitative research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    what's Grounded theory

    Signup and view all the answers

    what's Ethnomethodology

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    Content Analyses

    Signup and view all the answers

    What's coding in research methods?

    Signup and view all the answers

    Utility of Content Analyses

    Signup and view all the answers

    Comparative and Historical Research

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    What characterizes unobtrusive research?

    <p>It relies on existing data or artifacts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of unobtrusive research?

    <p>It ensures participant availability is not an issue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common limitation of unobtrusive research?

    <p>Data may not be relevant for the current study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which methodology involves analyzing historical documents as a form of unobtrusive research?

    <p>Historical research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key ethical consideration for unobtrusive research?

    <p>Ensuring participants remain anonymous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Exam Errors in Human Inquiry

    • Most of what humans know about the world around them is based on personal observation
    • Common errors in inquiry include inaccurate observations, overgeneralization, illogical reasoning, selective observation, and overgeneralization.
    • A common error of inquiry is assuming that what we observe is a common error; that one person's opinion or experience in the world is true for everyone

    Situations Where Researchers Can't Identify Respondents

    • A situation in which neither researchers nor readers can identify respondents using the responses provided by them is called anonymity.

    Research Method to Ensure Voluntary Participation

    • Informed consent is a method for ensuring participants are not harmed and that their participation is voluntary. This involves gaining consent, compensation, or debriefing.

    Types of Research Best for Questions Involving "How" and "Why"

    • Qualitative research is typically best to answer questions involving the "how" and "why."
    • Quantitative research is best suited for studying relationships between variables.

    Purposes of Research That Don't Incluce Ideology

    • Ideology is NOT a purpose of research.

    Defining Variables or Concepts

    • Operationalization involves specifying the meanings of concepts and variables.

    Research Methods

    • Quantitative research investigates relationships between variables.
    • Qualitative research studies how individuals perceive the world.
    • Quantitative research is best suited for finding an answer to the question, "Where do drug crimes occur most frequently?"

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    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of research methodology, including common errors in human inquiry and the importance of anonymity and informed consent. This quiz covers various research methods and their purposes, focusing on qualitative research's role in understanding complex questions.

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