Research Manuscripts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of the hourglass shape in traditional research manuscripts?

  • It denotes that the research design should follow a circular format.
  • It indicates that all sections of a research manuscript are uniform.
  • It reflects the gradual narrowing of research focus as the manuscript progresses. (correct)
  • It represents the amount of funding required for the research.

Which of the following is NOT typically included in the content above the dotted line of a research design?

  • Table of contents
  • Acknowledgments
  • Research questions (correct)
  • Title page

What subjects did the acknowledgments section reference for collaborative ideas?

  • Political Science and Economics
  • Public Administration and Sociology
  • Research Methodologies and Quantitative Analysis
  • Teaching contexts and various universities (correct)

Which research design aspect shows differences below the dotted line in traditional manuscripts?

<p>Methodology approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary setting for the dialogues that contributed to the ideas in the content?

<p>Classroom interactions and seminars (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is reflected in the proposals for funding or committee approval as outlined?

<p>An ideal-typical outline for research projects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the approach to research mentioned as 'contrasting'?

<p>Qualitative vs. Quantitative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the acknowledgments is accurate?

<p>It highlights the importance of collegiality and community input. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of interpretive research design?

<p>Theoretical, ontological, epistemological, and methods choices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT discussed as an essential aspect of interpretive research design?

<p>Statistical sampling techniques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept emphasizes the interaction between researchers and the contexts they study?

<p>World-making (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the authors of the book on interpretive research design?

<p>Peregrine Schwartz-Shea and Dvora Yanow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of interpretive research, what does reflexivity refer to?

<p>The researcher's consideration of their influence on the research process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the researcher’s body play in interpretive research?

<p>It is integral to understanding the qualitative data collection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge faced by scholars in the interpretive–qualitative tradition?

<p>Limited guidance from positivist-centered training (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of research design is discussed as related to the 'structure of research proposals'?

<p>Ethics reviews (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the process of designing an empirical research project according to the scientific method?

<p>Articulate your hypotheses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes interpretive social science?

<p>An approach that emphasizes subjective meanings in specific contexts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as a critical aspect of research design in interpretive empirical research?

<p>Making choices and articulating rationales for those choices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is identified as a significant audience for research design in interpretive methodologies?

<p>Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do most methods textbooks commonly emphasize as part of the scientific method?

<p>Operationalize concepts into variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which period is noted for influencing the development of interpretive social science?

<p>1920s–1960s anthropology and sociology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In research design, what does the term 'validity' refer to?

<p>How accurately the research measures what it intends to measure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a hallmark of interpretive empirical research?

<p>The exploration of meanings and practices in context (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common issue faced by interpretive research projects at the proposal stage?

<p>The proposal tends to use positivist language. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Zimmer, what is the general perception of interpretive research in the academic community?

<p>It is often recognized as a significant contribution post-completion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the content suggest about the relationship between interpretive and positivist research?

<p>There may be overlapping aspects in practice. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one goal of the volume mentioned in the content?

<p>To highlight the distinctions within interpretive research practices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'family resemblances' imply in the context of interpretive schools and methods?

<p>There are shared features, but also specific differences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the concept of being scientific evolved over time?

<p>It has changed in response to different scientific practices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are IRBs concerned with the execution of research designs?

<p>Research often deviates from initial plans. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures the essence of what the content describes as interpretive social science?

<p>It is a distinct logic of inquiry with varied practices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why has the language associated with research proposals avoided terms such as 'projected results' and 'outcomes'?

<p>They are more relevant to experimental research than interpretive research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What crucial aspect is typically omitted from standard research proposal outlines?

<p>Research ethics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ethical concerns manifest in interpretive social science research?

<p>They emerge throughout the research process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criticism do Meskell and Pels make regarding the approach to ethics in research?

<p>Ethics are disconnected from everyday scientific practice. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect have Institutional Review Board (IRB) procedures had on discussions of research ethics?

<p>They have largely bureaucratized the topic of ethics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which point of view is emphasized in interpretive research regarding the agency of participants?

<p>Agency of participants is crucial and influences ethical considerations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do methods textbooks commonly overlook in relation to research ethics?

<p>Engagement with ethical questions beyond informed consent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes how ethical considerations are integrated into interpretive research?

<p>They are embedded throughout the research process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a research design?

<p>Establishing a clear research question (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What realization did Zirakzadeh come to regarding the survey he originally planned to use?

<p>It did not engage the respondents effectively. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced Zirakzadeh's decision to change his research approach?

<p>The need to reflect participants' understandings and feelings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Zirakzadeh's background influence his research perspective?

<p>It emphasized the importance of local narratives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of Zirakzadeh's field research experiences?

<p>He realized the limitations of typical surveys. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested about the relationship between a research question and the logic of inquiry?

<p>The research question often dictates the logic of inquiry. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key aspect of the Basque nationalist context did Zirakzadeh find absent in U.S. academic literature?

<p>Economic concerns of local residents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Zirakzadeh seek to achieve with his dissertation?

<p>To reflect the complexities of everyday people’s lives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Interpretive Research

A research approach that emphasizes understanding and interpreting social phenomena from the perspective of those involved, recognizing the researcher's own subjectivity and positionality.

Interpretive Research Design

A systematic process of planning and structuring an interpretive research project, taking into account the researcher's theoretical framework, ontological assumptions, epistemological stance, and chosen methods.

Reflexivity

The researcher's awareness of their own biases, values, and perspectives, and how these may influence the research process and findings.

Positionality

The researcher's social location and position within the research context, which can influence their understanding and interpretation of the data.

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World-Making

The researcher's commitment to understanding the ways in which social actors construct and make sense of their world, recognizing that social reality is not objective but socially constructed.

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Data Analysis in Interpretive Research

The process of systematically analyzing and interpreting data collected in an interpretive research project, taking into account the researcher's theoretical framework, ontological assumptions, and epistemological stance.

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Ethics in Interpretive Research

The ethical principles that guide the conduct of interpretive research, including informed consent, confidentiality, and responsible data management.

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Research Proposal for Interpretive Research

The process of developing and writing a research proposal that outlines the research question, objectives, methods, and expected outcomes of an interpretive research project.

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Expanding research in widening circles

A research approach that starts with a specific observation or question and then expands the inquiry to encompass broader perspectives. It is like "casting a wider net" to gather more information and understanding.

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Hourglass Shape of a Research Manuscript

A traditional research manuscript structure where sections I and II are common across different research designs, while the specific design content is presented in the latter part of the paper.

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Proposal Outline for Research Project

A detailed plan outlining the specific steps involved in conducting a research project, often used for funding applications, IRB review, or doctoral committee approval.

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Interpretive Research Approach

A research approach that emphasizes the exploration of complex social phenomena, focusing on gaining insights into meaning, interpretation, and lived experiences. It often involves qualitative data collection and analysis.

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Interpretive Methodologies

A research methodology that explores and explains the intricacies of social interactions, cultural meanings, and individual experiences within specific contexts. It is often contrasted with quantitative research, which focuses on numerical data analysis.

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Acknowledgments in Research

The practice of acknowledging and appreciating the contributions of individuals and groups who have influenced or supported a research project. It emphasizes intellectual honesty and respect for the collaborative nature of research.

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Reflexivity in research

Researchers should be aware that they bring their own biases, values, and perspectives to their research, and these can shape the findings.

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Positionality in research

The researcher's social location and position in the research context can influence their understanding of the data.

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World-making in research

Interpretive research acknowledges that social realities are not objective but are constructed through shared meanings and interactions.

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Value of Interpretive Research

Understanding and appreciating the unique contributions of interpretive research, recognizing its distinct logic of inquiry.

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Diversity of Scientific Practices

Different research areas have their own unique methodologies and practices. Even within the same field, scientists may approach research differently.

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Positivist Bias in Research Funding

The positivist label can hinder the appreciation of interpretive research, especially at the proposal stage.

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Late Recognition of Interpretive Research

Interpretive research often gets recognized for its value after it is completed, but its significance may be overlooked during the proposal stage.

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Research Ethics

The ethical principles that guide research, emphasizing participant protection and data confidentiality.

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Interpretive Logic of Inquiry

The combination of theoretical framework, ontological assumptions, and epistemological stance used in a research project.

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Reembedded Ethics

The practice of ethical considerations being intertwined throughout the research process, not just a separate step.

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Interpretive Data Analysis

The systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data within the framework of interpretive research.

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What is a research question's role in research?

A research question guides the direction of a research project. It defines the problem being investigated and determines the methods used to gather and analyze data.

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What is research design?

The research design is the blueprint for carrying out a research study. It outlines the methods used to gather and analyze data.

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Can research design change?

The initial research design can change as the researcher gains insights during the research process.

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What is the logic of inquiry?

The research approach or logic of inquiry is the underlying philosophy or perspective that shapes the research process. It influences the methods used, the types of data gathered, and the way data is analyzed.

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How do researchers' backgrounds influence their research?

The researchers' personal experiences, background, and values can influence their research questions and choices. Understanding these influences is important for interpreting research findings.

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Is the research process linear or iterative?

The research process can be iterative, meaning that it is cyclical and involves going back and forth between different stages. This allows researchers to adapt their approach based on new insights gained during the research process.

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How did Zirakzadeh's research design evolve?

Zirakzadeh's shift from a quantitative survey to a more qualitative approach reflects the dynamic nature of research. The evolving insights from his field research led him to change his research methods to better capture the complexity of his subject.

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Why did Zirakzadeh adapt his methods?

Understanding the social reality of participants is crucial for producing meaningful research. By adapting his methods, Zirakzadeh aimed to gain deeper insights into the lived experiences of the individuals he was studying.

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What ethical considerations are important in research?

The researcher's commitment to ethical research practices, such as informed consent and confidentiality, is essential for ensuring the well-being and dignity of participants.

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Study Notes

Interpretive Research Design

  • Interpretive research, unlike positivist research, emphasizes understanding the subjective experiences and meanings within social contexts
  • Interpretive research design necessitates acknowledging the researcher's embeddedness in social processes
  • The researchers' ontological, epistemological, and methodological choices are crucial in designing interpretive research
  • Importantly, an interpretive approach considers ethics, research proposals, and contextual factors

Research Questions and Design

  • Research questions inform the design, and are distinct from research topics
  • The origin of a research question is essential to the approach or logic of inquiry
  • Interpretive research often stems from situated meanings and meaning-making of actors in a specific context
  • Developing research questions initially involves surveying, but this method often doesn't resonate with participants' perspectives, needing modification for true understanding
  • Zirakzadeh's project exemplified this, initially focusing on survey data, shifting to understanding participants' lived experiences after fieldwork

Research Design Components

  • Research design is about choices and justification
  • Common elements exist across different research designs
  • While a structured, planned approach is expected, research implementation may deviate from initial plans
  • Interdisciplinary research often exists, blurring the lines between interpretive and positivist methods
  • Interpretive designs value understanding participants' everyday realities, often resulting in significant contributions to knowledge

Ethics in Interpretive Research

  • Research ethics are integral to interpretive research, not a separate concept
  • Ethics considers the participants' agency within relational interactions during fieldwork
  • Integrating ethics into the design process is important; IRB reviews are not sufficient but can still play a role
  • Ethics are not disembedded but exist throughout the research project.

The Research Proposal

  • A research proposal ideally outlines research methods clearly, focusing on the interpretive approach
  • Existing templates for research proposals may not fully capture the nuances of interpretive research
  • A research proposal should emphasize the rationale for methodology choices

Research Design and Method

  • The “scientific method” often found in positivist research designs differs from interpretive approaches
  • Interpretive designs highlight the study of specific situations, actors' situated meanings, and meaning-making practices, as seen in the University of Chicago School of thought.

Interpretive Methods and Its Variety

  • Interpretive schools and methods share similarities yet differ in specifics
  • Interpretive research involves a variety of practices, making it difficult to provide universal design principles
  • The aim is to understand the rationale and logic of interpretive research effectively, while acknowledging individual differences within interpretive methodologies.

Funding and Reviews

  • Researchers need to clearly articulate their rationale for interpretive methodology to secure funding, counteract the positivist bias in evaluation
  • The 'interpretive' label can mask differences between various approaches
  • Researchers must engage the logic and rationale of interpretive inquiry as per interpretive methodological presumptions

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