Research Design Methods
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Questions and Answers

Research design that involves observing and recording without eliciting responses is known as ______ data collection.

Monitoring

A study that summarizes and reorganizes data is classified under the ______ purpose of the study.

Reporting

Researcher ______ of variables is high in experimental design, allowing for strong support for causation.

Control

A ______ study uses quantitative methods, generalizes findings from a sample, and has a broad topical scope.

<p>Statistical</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a ______ study, participants are aware of researcher-induced deviations and may alter their behavior.

<p>Aware and affected</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research design that begins with hypotheses or research questions and aims to test these hypotheses is classified as ______.

<p>Formal</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ research design involves repeated observations over time to track changes.

<p>Longitudinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research conducted in real-world settings with natural behavior observation is known as ______ research environment.

<p>Field Conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

A study that aims to explain why and how one variable changes another is classified under ______ purpose of the study.

<p>Causal-explanatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

A research design that involves no manipulation of variables and investigates after the fact is classified as ______.

<p>Ex post facto</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research Design Descriptors

Degree of Research Question Crystallization

  • Exploratory research: has a loose structure, aims to develop hypotheses or questions for future research
  • Formal research: has a structured approach, begins with hypotheses or research questions, and aims to test these hypotheses or answer the questions posed

Method of Data Collection

  • Monitoring research: involves observing and recording without eliciting responses (e.g., traffic counts, library searches)
  • Communication research: involves collecting data through questioning (e.g., interviews, surveys)

Researcher Control of Variables

  • Experimental research: researcher manipulates variables to determine effects, providing strong support for causation
  • Ex post facto research: does not manipulate variables, investigates after the fact, and relies on statistical controls and careful subject selection

Purpose of the Study

  • Reporting research: summarizes and reorganizes data
  • Descriptive research: identifies who, what, where, when, and how much
  • Causal-explanatory research: explains why and how one variable changes another
  • Causal-predictive research: predicts the effect of one variable by manipulating another while holding others constant

Time Dimension

  • Cross-sectional research: involves a one-time snapshot
  • Longitudinal research: involves repeated observations over time, tracking changes

Topical Scope

  • Statistical study: is broad, uses quantitative methods, and generalizes findings from a sample
  • Case study: is in-depth, focuses on a single case, and can challenge theories and generate new hypotheses

Research Environment

  • Field conditions research: involves real-world settings, natural behavior observation
  • Laboratory conditions research: involves controlled settings, where variables are manipulated to minimize external influences

Participants' Perceptual Awareness

  • Non-aware research: participants perceive no deviations from everyday routines
  • Aware but unaffected research: participants notice deviations but don't relate them to the research
  • Aware and affected research: participants recognize researcher-induced deviations and may alter their behavior

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Description

Understand the different approaches to research design, including degree of research question crystallization and method of data collection.

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