Podcast
Questions and Answers
Research design that involves observing and recording without eliciting responses is known as ______ data collection.
Research design that involves observing and recording without eliciting responses is known as ______ data collection.
Monitoring
A study that summarizes and reorganizes data is classified under the ______ purpose of the study.
A study that summarizes and reorganizes data is classified under the ______ purpose of the study.
Reporting
Researcher ______ of variables is high in experimental design, allowing for strong support for causation.
Researcher ______ of variables is high in experimental design, allowing for strong support for causation.
Control
A ______ study uses quantitative methods, generalizes findings from a sample, and has a broad topical scope.
A ______ study uses quantitative methods, generalizes findings from a sample, and has a broad topical scope.
In a ______ study, participants are aware of researcher-induced deviations and may alter their behavior.
In a ______ study, participants are aware of researcher-induced deviations and may alter their behavior.
Research design that begins with hypotheses or research questions and aims to test these hypotheses is classified as ______.
Research design that begins with hypotheses or research questions and aims to test these hypotheses is classified as ______.
A ______ research design involves repeated observations over time to track changes.
A ______ research design involves repeated observations over time to track changes.
Research conducted in real-world settings with natural behavior observation is known as ______ research environment.
Research conducted in real-world settings with natural behavior observation is known as ______ research environment.
A study that aims to explain why and how one variable changes another is classified under ______ purpose of the study.
A study that aims to explain why and how one variable changes another is classified under ______ purpose of the study.
A research design that involves no manipulation of variables and investigates after the fact is classified as ______.
A research design that involves no manipulation of variables and investigates after the fact is classified as ______.
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Study Notes
Research Design Descriptors
Degree of Research Question Crystallization
- Exploratory research: has a loose structure, aims to develop hypotheses or questions for future research
- Formal research: has a structured approach, begins with hypotheses or research questions, and aims to test these hypotheses or answer the questions posed
Method of Data Collection
- Monitoring research: involves observing and recording without eliciting responses (e.g., traffic counts, library searches)
- Communication research: involves collecting data through questioning (e.g., interviews, surveys)
Researcher Control of Variables
- Experimental research: researcher manipulates variables to determine effects, providing strong support for causation
- Ex post facto research: does not manipulate variables, investigates after the fact, and relies on statistical controls and careful subject selection
Purpose of the Study
- Reporting research: summarizes and reorganizes data
- Descriptive research: identifies who, what, where, when, and how much
- Causal-explanatory research: explains why and how one variable changes another
- Causal-predictive research: predicts the effect of one variable by manipulating another while holding others constant
Time Dimension
- Cross-sectional research: involves a one-time snapshot
- Longitudinal research: involves repeated observations over time, tracking changes
Topical Scope
- Statistical study: is broad, uses quantitative methods, and generalizes findings from a sample
- Case study: is in-depth, focuses on a single case, and can challenge theories and generate new hypotheses
Research Environment
- Field conditions research: involves real-world settings, natural behavior observation
- Laboratory conditions research: involves controlled settings, where variables are manipulated to minimize external influences
Participants' Perceptual Awareness
- Non-aware research: participants perceive no deviations from everyday routines
- Aware but unaffected research: participants notice deviations but don't relate them to the research
- Aware and affected research: participants recognize researcher-induced deviations and may alter their behavior
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