Research Design Methods

Questions and Answers

Research design that involves observing and recording without eliciting responses is known as ______ data collection.

Monitoring

A study that summarizes and reorganizes data is classified under the ______ purpose of the study.

Reporting

Researcher ______ of variables is high in experimental design, allowing for strong support for causation.

Control

A ______ study uses quantitative methods, generalizes findings from a sample, and has a broad topical scope.

Statistical Signup and view all the answers

In a ______ study, participants are aware of researcher-induced deviations and may alter their behavior.

Aware and affected Signup and view all the answers

Research design that begins with hypotheses or research questions and aims to test these hypotheses is classified as ______.

Formal Signup and view all the answers

A ______ research design involves repeated observations over time to track changes.

Longitudinal Signup and view all the answers

Research conducted in real-world settings with natural behavior observation is known as ______ research environment.

Field Conditions Signup and view all the answers

A study that aims to explain why and how one variable changes another is classified under ______ purpose of the study.

Causal-explanatory Signup and view all the answers

A research design that involves no manipulation of variables and investigates after the fact is classified as ______.

Ex post facto Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research Design Descriptors

Degree of Research Question Crystallization

Exploratory research: has a loose structure, aims to develop hypotheses or questions for future research
Formal research: has a structured approach, begins with hypotheses or research questions, and aims to test these hypotheses or answer the questions posed

Method of Data Collection

Monitoring research: involves observing and recording without eliciting responses (e.g., traffic counts, library searches)
Communication research: involves collecting data through questioning (e.g., interviews, surveys)

Researcher Control of Variables

Experimental research: researcher manipulates variables to determine effects, providing strong support for causation
Ex post facto research: does not manipulate variables, investigates after the fact, and relies on statistical controls and careful subject selection

Purpose of the Study

Reporting research: summarizes and reorganizes data
Descriptive research: identifies who, what, where, when, and how much
Causal-explanatory research: explains why and how one variable changes another
Causal-predictive research: predicts the effect of one variable by manipulating another while holding others constant

Time Dimension

Cross-sectional research: involves a one-time snapshot
Longitudinal research: involves repeated observations over time, tracking changes

Topical Scope

Statistical study: is broad, uses quantitative methods, and generalizes findings from a sample
Case study: is in-depth, focuses on a single case, and can challenge theories and generate new hypotheses

Research Environment

Field conditions research: involves real-world settings, natural behavior observation
Laboratory conditions research: involves controlled settings, where variables are manipulated to minimize external influences

Participants' Perceptual Awareness

Non-aware research: participants perceive no deviations from everyday routines
Aware but unaffected research: participants notice deviations but don't relate them to the research
Aware and affected research: participants recognize researcher-induced deviations and may alter their behavior