Research Design and Qualitative Research

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary aim of qualitative research?

To explore complex issues and develop an understanding (correct)

To test hypotheses using statistical analysis

To measure the impact of variables through experiments

To quantify relationships between predetermined variables

Which of the following methods is commonly used in quantitative research?

Interviews

Experiments (correct)

Ethnography

Focus groups

How does mixed methods research enhance the research process?

By solely focusing on numerical data for analysis

By applying only one method throughout the study

By excluding any form of statistical analysis

By integrating both qualitative insights and quantitative data (correct)

What does research design primarily entail?

Developing a coherent strategy for study integration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role does deductive reasoning play in quantitative research?

It starts with theories to guide data collection (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of qualitative research?

Involves numerical data (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling technique is most likely to introduce a selection bias?

Convenience sampling (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which methodology describes the systematic approach in a research study?

Research methodology (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily tested using inferential statistics?

Hypotheses and relationships between variables (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is a well-designed research study essential?

To provide valid and reliable results (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately relates to validity in research?

It involves careful measurement of variables. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of reasoning is commonly associated with qualitative research?

Inductive reasoning (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods would NOT typically be classified under qualitative research?

Surveys (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical consideration is most critical during the study design phase?

Consulting relevant ethical review boards (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would purposive sampling be the most appropriate?

When studying a specific behavior in a defined group (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of thematic analysis in qualitative data analysis?

To uncover patterns and themes within the data (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential method for ensuring reliability in research findings?

Maintaining consistent data collection protocols (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling method involves dividing the population into subgroups?

Stratified random sampling (A) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of data analysis specifically deals with transforming raw data into meaningful information?

Data interpretation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common threat to validity in quantitative studies?

Inadequate data collection techniques (A) Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research Design

Research design is the overall strategy for integrating study components logically.
It's a framework for data collection and analysis.
Different designs suit different research questions.
A well-structured study yields valid and reliable results.

Qualitative Research

Qualitative research explores complex issues, seeking understanding.
It uses non-numerical data (interviews, focus groups, observations).
Researchers develop theories from collected data (inductive reasoning).
Often used to understand why something happened or gain an in-depth look.
Common methods include:
- Interviews (structured, semi-structured, unstructured)
- Focus groups
- Ethnography (observational studies)
- Case studies

Quantitative Research

Quantitative research measures and tests theories/hypotheses.
It uses numerical data and statistical methods.
Researchers typically use deductive reasoning (starting with theories).
Aims to identify relationships or effects of variables.
Common methods include:
- Experiments (variable manipulation)
- Surveys (questionnaires)
- Analysis of existing datasets (e.g., census data)

Mixed Methods Research

Mixed methods research combines qualitative and quantitative approaches.
It leverages the strengths of both approaches for a more complete understanding.
Explores complex issues while identifying patterns/trends.
Enhances confidence in research findings.

Research Methodology

Research methodology is the structured approach in a study.
It encompasses techniques, procedures, and strategies for data collection and analysis.
It addresses the research problem systematically (the "how").

Sampling Techniques

Sampling selects a subset of a population to represent the whole.
Techniques include:
- Simple random sampling: Equal chance for each member.
- Stratified random sampling: Subgroups (strata) with random sampling within.
- Cluster sampling: Randomly select clusters from population.
- Convenience sampling: Select based on availability.
- Purposive sampling: Select based on specific characteristics.
The chosen technique depends on the research question, resources, and population.

Data Analysis

Data analysis transforms raw data into meaningful information.
Qualitative analysis often uses thematic analysis (identifying patterns).
Quantitative analysis uses statistical methods (e.g., descriptive - mean, median, mode; inferential - t-tests, ANOVA) to test hypotheses/relationships.
The chosen method depends on the research question.

Validity and Reliability

Validity measures the accuracy of findings.
Reliability assesses consistency of findings across multiple measures.
Quantitative studies achieve validity by carefully measuring variables and controlling threats.
Reliability comes from consistent data collection.

Ethical Considerations

Ethical considerations are vital for protecting participants and ensuring research integrity.
Key aspects include informed consent, confidentiality, anonymity, and avoiding harm.
Consulting relevant ethical review boards is crucial during design.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of research design and qualitative research methods. Understand the importance of a well-structured research study and explore various qualitative techniques for data collection and analysis. Ideal for students looking to grasp the nuances of research methodologies.