Research Design and Qualitative Research Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a design?

A plan or something that is conceptualized by the mind. It is a result of a mental activity characterized by an unfixed formation of something but an extensive interconnection of things.

What are the four main types of research data?

Observational, experimental, simulation, and derived.

Ethical research prioritizes the well-being of the participants.

True (A)

What is the role of a blueprint in research?

<p>It serves as a guide for making something, acting as a design or pattern to follow, much like a blueprint for a building.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a research conclusion? (Select all that apply)

<p>It should be a narrative essay detailing your research journey. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some tools used in observation?

<p>All the above (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a Permission Letter and an Approval Letter in research?

<p>Permission Letter is a request to access specific data, locations, or participants. An Approval Letter is a confirmation from an ethics board or authority to proceed with the research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some types of Qualitative research?

<p>All the above (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Research Design

A blueprint for a research study, outlining its purpose, philosophical approach, data type, and data collection/analysis methods.

Qualitative Research

Research focusing on in-depth understanding of complex phenomena through descriptive data.

Phenomenology

Qualitative research exploring lived experiences of individuals.

Ethnography

Qualitative research studying cultures and communities.

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Case Study

In-depth investigation of a single individual, group, or event.

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Grounded Theory

Developing theory from data collected during research.

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Narrative Research

Focuses on personal stories and accounts.

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Population

The entire group of individuals, events, or things of interest in a study.

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Sample

A subset of the population chosen for research.

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Sampling

The process of selecting a sample for a study.

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Open Coding

Initial coding stage of qualitative data analysis; classifying data into different categories.

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Axial Coding

Second coding stage; connecting and grouping codes to identify core concepts.

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Selective Coding

Final coding stage; identifying the overarching concept connecting all related codes.

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Concept Mapping

Visual representation of relationships between concepts/codes in qualitative data.

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Coding

Process of categorizing and interpreting qualitative data.

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Data Collection Instruments

Tools used to gather data in research (e.g., surveys, interviews, observation).

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Research Data

Information collected and gathered from research subjects.

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Observational Data

Data gathered through direct observation.

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Experimental Data

Data collected by manipulating variables.

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Validity

Extent to which a research study accurately measures what it's intended to measure.

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Construct Validity

Ensures the measurements truly reflect the concept being studied.

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Internal Validity

Ensures the causal relationship being investigated isn't a coincidence.

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Study Notes

Research Design

  • Research design is a blueprint, a guide, or a pattern for conducting a research study
  • It is a plan or conceptualization of how the study will be structured
  • Crucial steps in deciding on the appropriate research design:
    • Determining the purpose of the research.
    • Establishing philosophical underpinnings.
    • Identifying data types.
    • Outlining data collection and analysis methods.

Qualitative Research

  • Qualitative research explores intricate phenomena, yielding rich, descriptive data
  • Various types of qualitative research exist, each with distinct approaches and applications
  • Types and examples:
    • Phenomenology: Explores lived experiences (e.g., coping mechanisms of cancer patients).
    • Ethnography: Examines cultures and communities (e.g., daily routines of indigenous tribes).
    • Case Study: Delves into a single subject in depth (e.g., operations of a high-performing school).
    • Grounded Theory: Develops theories from data (e.g., business adaptation to crises).
    • Narrative Research: Focuses on personal stories (e.g., refugee resettlement journeys).

Research Data

  • Research data encompasses the information gathered by researchers from study subjects
  • Data formats vary considerably, including intangible information (e.g., demographics) and tangible materials (e.g., physical samples)
  • Common research data formats:
    • Documents, spreadsheets, lab notebooks, questionnaires, transcripts, diaries, codebooks
    • Experimental data, test responses, artifacts, specimens, models, algorithms, scripts, focus group recordings, interview notes.

Types of Data

  • Data categories include observational (behavior monitoring), experimental (active intervention), simulation (imitating processes), and derived (transforming existing data)

Characteristics of Conclusions

  • Conclusions interpret and generalize findings, answering research questions, and outlining factual discoveries

Guidelines for Recommendations

  • Recommendations should be concise, clear, specific, prioritize beneficiary needs, and be logically connected to findings, avoiding new conclusions, discoveries, or assumptions

Types of Observation

  • Observation methods, including participant and non-participant observation, along with overt and covert approaches.
  • Tools like field notes, audio/video recordings, checklists, and observation grids are crucial for gathering observational data

Ethical Considerations

  • Ethical research prioritizes participant well-being
  • Key ethical considerations:
    • Informed consent
    • Confidentiality
    • Voluntary participation
    • Avoiding harm
    • Transparency

Validity Types

  • Various validity types are critical in assessing research, including construct validity (measuring concepts), internal validity (controlling for extraneous variables), external validity (generalizability), and content validity (appropriateness of content).

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Description

This quiz provides an overview of research design and qualitative research methodologies. It covers crucial steps in structuring research studies, and various qualitative types like phenomenology, ethnography, and case studies. Test your understanding of these important concepts in research methodology!

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