Rescissible and Voidable Contracts

A contract where one party lacks the legal capacity to consent. This could be due to age, mental incapacity, or other legal restrictions.

A contract where consent is obtained through deception, threats, or undue influence. The affected party can choose to void the contract.

A contract signed by a guardian that results in a loss of more than one-fourth of the ward's assets. The ward can rescind the contract.

A contract made on behalf of someone who is absent. The absent person can rescind if they suffer significant financial loss.

A contract that is deliberately made to deceive creditors and prevent them from collecting their debts. Creditors can seek to overturn the contract.

A contract involving property that is the subject of an ongoing legal dispute. The contract is voidable unless the defendant obtained consent from the other party or the court.

Agreements that lack a legal purpose, are fictitious, or have a nonexistent object. These contracts are void from the start.

A contract that is contrary to law, morals, good customs, or public order. These contracts are void from the beginning.

A contract where one party can choose to make the contract void due to a defect in consent, such as fraud, mistake, or intimidation.

A contract where both parties agree to exchange something of value, like goods or services.

The reason or purpose for entering into a contract.

The specific thing or service that is the subject of the contract.

The parties' voluntary agreement to be bound by the terms of the contract.

A contract that cannot be enforced unless ratified by one or both parties.

A contract where a party can ask a court to cancel the contract due to certain legal reasons.

A contract that is valid until it is formally annulled by a court.

A contract that is valid and enforceable even though it doesn't fit into a specific legal category.

A contract where one party gives something to the other party in exchange for a specific action.

A contract where one party performs an action in exchange for something from the other party.

A contract that is formed when the subject matter is delivered.

Legal obligations that are enforceable in court, creating a right for the obligee to demand performance.

The initial stage where parties express their interest and negotiate terms. They aren't obligated to perform at this point.

The stage where parties agree on the essential elements of the contract, such as the price, object, and consent. It marks the point when the contract is legally binding.

The final stage where parties fulfill their obligations as outlined in the contract, completing the agreement.

Contracts that are perfected by the mere consent of the parties involved. The agreement alone creates a legally binding contract.

Contracts that require a specific form or formality to be valid. These contracts need to be in writing or meet other legal requirements.

A natural obligation arises from equity and natural law, not positive law. It doesn't give a right to sue for performance but allows the obligor (person who owes something) to keep what they've given if they fulfill the obligation voluntarily.

When a civil obligation's right to sue has expired due to time limits (extinctive prescription), and the obligor still voluntarily performs the contract, they can't get their delivery or service back.

If a third party pays a debt that the debtor doesn't legally need to pay anymore due to prescription, and the debtor later voluntarily repays the third party, the debtor can't recover the payment.

When a minor aged 18-21 voluntarily pays a debt exceeding their inheritance after a will's validity is challenged, the payment is legal and cannot be reversed.

If a will is invalid for not following legal processes, but an heir voluntarily pays a legacy from it, the payment is effective and cannot be taken back.

When a civil obligation's right to sue fails and the defendant voluntarily fulfills the obligation, they cannot demand a refund or compensation.

When a testate or intestate heir voluntarily pays a debt of the deceased that exceeds their inheritance, the payment is valid and cannot be reversed.

When a will is declared void for lack of legal formalities, but an intestate heir voluntarily pays a legacy according to its terms, the payment is valid and irrevocable.