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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of the requirements engineering process?
What type of testing involves testing individual units of code to ensure they function correctly?
What is the primary focus of agile development?
What is the purpose of elicitation in the requirements engineering process?
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What type of testing is based on input and output without knowledge of internal workings?
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What is the purpose of a daily stand-up in agile development?
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What is the primary focus of non-functional requirements?
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What is the purpose of a retrospective in agile development?
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What is the primary advantage of black box testing?
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What is the primary disadvantage of white box testing?
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What is the primary advantage of gray box testing?
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What is the primary purpose of integration testing?
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What is the primary advantage of unit testing?
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What type of testing involves testing individual modules or units of code?
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What is the primary disadvantage of gray box testing?
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What type of integration testing involves integrating all modules at once?
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Study Notes
Requirements Engineering
- Definition: The process of defining, documenting, and maintaining requirements
- Importance: Ensures that the software meets the user's needs and expectations
-
Activities:
- Elicitation: Gathering requirements through stakeholder interviews, surveys, and observations
- Analysis: Breaking down high-level requirements into more detailed and specific ones
- Specification: Documenting requirements in a clear and concise manner
- Validation: Ensuring that the requirements are correct and complete
- Management: Tracking changes and updates to requirements throughout the project
-
Types of Requirements:
- Functional: Describe what the system must do
- Non-Functional: Describe how the system should perform (e.g. security, performance)
Testing Strategies
-
Types of Testing:
- Unit Testing: Testing individual units of code to ensure they function correctly
- Integration Testing: Testing how units of code work together
- System Testing: Testing the entire system to ensure it meets requirements
- Acceptance Testing: Testing to ensure the system meets user acceptance criteria
-
Testing Levels:
- Black Box Testing: Testing based on input and output without knowledge of internal workings
- White Box Testing: Testing with knowledge of internal workings
- Gray Box Testing: Combination of black box and white box testing
-
Testing Techniques:
- Equivalence Partitioning: Dividing input data into partitions and testing each
- Boundary Value Analysis: Testing at the boundaries of input data
- State Transition Testing: Testing the system's behavior in different states
Agile Development
-
Core Values:
- Individuals and Interactions: People and communication are more important than processes and tools
- Working Software: Working software is more important than comprehensive documentation
- Customer Collaboration: Collaboration with customers is more important than contract negotiation
- Responding to Change: Responding to change is more important than following a plan
-
Agile Methodologies:
- Scrum: Framework for managing and completing complex projects
- Kanban: Visual system for managing work, emphasizing continuous flow
- Extreme Programming (XP): Iterative approach to software development
-
Agile Practices:
- Iteration: Breaking down work into smaller, manageable chunks
- Sprint: Time-boxed iteration, usually 1-4 weeks
- Daily Stand-up: Daily meeting to discuss progress and plans
- Retrospective: Reviewing the iteration to identify improvements
Requirements Engineering
- Requirements engineering is the process of defining, documenting, and maintaining requirements to ensure software meets user needs and expectations
- Importance of requirements engineering: ensures software meets user needs and expectations
Requirements Engineering Activities
- Elicitation: gathering requirements through stakeholder interviews, surveys, and observations
- Analysis: breaking down high-level requirements into detailed and specific ones
- Specification: documenting requirements clearly and concisely
- Validation: ensuring requirements are correct and complete
- Management: tracking changes and updates to requirements throughout the project
Types of Requirements
- Functional requirements: describe what the system must do
- Non-functional requirements: describe how the system should perform (e.g. security, performance)
Testing Strategies
Types of Testing
- Unit testing: testing individual units of code to ensure they function correctly
- Integration testing: testing how units of code work together
- System testing: testing the entire system to ensure it meets requirements
- Acceptance testing: testing to ensure the system meets user acceptance criteria
Testing Levels
- Black box testing: testing based on input and output without knowledge of internal workings
- White box testing: testing with knowledge of internal workings
- Gray box testing: combination of black box and white box testing
Testing Techniques
- Equivalence partitioning: dividing input data into partitions and testing each
- Boundary value analysis: testing at the boundaries of input data
- State transition testing: testing the system's behavior in different states
Agile Development
Agile Core Values
- Individuals and interactions: people and communication are more important than processes and tools
- Working software: working software is more important than comprehensive documentation
- Customer collaboration: collaboration with customers is more important than contract negotiation
- Responding to change: responding to change is more important than following a plan
Agile Methodologies
- Scrum: framework for managing and completing complex projects
- Kanban: visual system for managing work, emphasizing continuous flow
- Extreme programming (XP): iterative approach to software development
Agile Practices
- Iteration: breaking down work into smaller, manageable chunks
- Sprint: time-boxed iteration, usually 1-4 weeks
- Daily stand-up: daily meeting to discuss progress and plans
- Retrospective: reviewing the iteration to identify improvements
Testing Strategies
Black Box Testing
- Tests software without knowledge of internal workings
- Focuses on inputs and expected outputs
- Advantages:
- Simple and easy to use
- Fast test development
- Tests are not dependent on implementation details
- Disadvantages:
- May not cover all possible scenarios
- Difficult to achieve high coverage
White Box Testing
- Tests software with knowledge of internal workings
- Focuses on internal structure and implementation
- Advantages:
- High coverage possible
- Can detect hidden errors
- Optimizes testing efforts
- Disadvantages:
- Requires detailed knowledge of software
- Time-consuming and expensive
- May be difficult to maintain
Gray Box Testing
- Combines black box and white box testing
- Tests software with some knowledge of internal workings
- Advantages:
- Balances advantages of black and white box testing
- More efficient than white box testing
- More effective than black box testing
- Disadvantages:
- Requires some knowledge of software
- May not be as effective as white box testing
Integration Testing
- Tests integrated modules to ensure correct interactions
- Types:
- Big Bang Integration: Integrates all modules at once
- Top-Down Integration: Integrates from highest level to lowest level
- Bottom-Up Integration: Integrates from lowest level to highest level
- Sandwich Integration: Combines top-down and bottom-up integration
- Advantages:
- Ensures correct interactions between modules
- Detects errors early
- Disadvantages:
- Requires careful planning and execution
- May be time-consuming and expensive
Unit Testing
- Tests individual modules or units of code
- Focuses on ensuring each unit functions correctly
- Advantages:
- Fast and inexpensive
- Early detection of errors
- Improves code quality
- Disadvantages:
- Does not ensure correct interactions between units
- May not detect integration errors
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Description
Learn about the process of defining, documenting, and maintaining requirements in software development, including elicitation, analysis, specification, and validation activities.
