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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of a system analyst in the software development process?
What is the primary role of a system analyst in the software development process?
Which of the following activities is NOT typically involved in the requirement gathering phase?
Which of the following activities is NOT typically involved in the requirement gathering phase?
What is the primary goal of requirement analysis?
What is the primary goal of requirement analysis?
Which of the following is NOT a typical method for eliciting requirements?
Which of the following is NOT a typical method for eliciting requirements?
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Which of the following is a key aspect of analyzing software requirements?
Which of the following is a key aspect of analyzing software requirements?
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What is the purpose of recording software requirements?
What is the purpose of recording software requirements?
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Which of the following questions is NOT typically considered during requirement analysis?
Which of the following questions is NOT typically considered during requirement analysis?
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What is the primary characteristic of a neat decomposition in software development, according to the content?
What is the primary characteristic of a neat decomposition in software development, according to the content?
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Which type of cohesion represents the weakest functional strength in a module?
Which type of cohesion represents the weakest functional strength in a module?
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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of modularity in software development?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of modularity in software development?
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Which cohesion type describes a module that handles error handling, input, and output functions, but lacks a strong functional relationship between these tasks?
Which cohesion type describes a module that handles error handling, input, and output functions, but lacks a strong functional relationship between these tasks?
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Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between cohesion and coupling?
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between cohesion and coupling?
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What type of cohesion is present in a module that performs initialization and cleanup functions?
What type of cohesion is present in a module that performs initialization and cleanup functions?
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In which type of cohesion do module elements have a very loose relationship to each other?
In which type of cohesion do module elements have a very loose relationship to each other?
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Besides cohesion, what other modularization criteria is often considered alongside it?
Besides cohesion, what other modularization criteria is often considered alongside it?
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What is the key benefit of using prewritten code in modular development?
What is the key benefit of using prewritten code in modular development?
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Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a maintainable SRS (Software Requirements Specification)?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a maintainable SRS (Software Requirements Specification)?
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What is the main purpose of a Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document?
What is the main purpose of a Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document?
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Which category of requirements focuses on the system's technical functionalities, including services provided to end users?
Which category of requirements focuses on the system's technical functionalities, including services provided to end users?
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What type of constraint limits the system's performance based on factors like speed, response time, and resource consumption?
What type of constraint limits the system's performance based on factors like speed, response time, and resource consumption?
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Which characteristic of a good SRS emphasizes clarity and conciseness, avoiding unnecessary detail?
Which characteristic of a good SRS emphasizes clarity and conciseness, avoiding unnecessary detail?
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Which characteristic ensures that the SRS document provides a clear and understandable representation of the system's concepts and functionalities?
Which characteristic ensures that the SRS document provides a clear and understandable representation of the system's concepts and functionalities?
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Which characteristic of a good SRS emphasizes that the requirements should be consistent throughout the project development?
Which characteristic of a good SRS emphasizes that the requirements should be consistent throughout the project development?
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Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a good SRS?
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a good SRS?
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What is the main benefit of an SRS being adaptable?
What is the main benefit of an SRS being adaptable?
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Which aspect of the SRS describes the characteristics of the system that cannot be expressed in terms of specific functionalities?
Which aspect of the SRS describes the characteristics of the system that cannot be expressed in terms of specific functionalities?
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Which of these is considered a non-functional requirement?
Which of these is considered a non-functional requirement?
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What is the primary goal of the Requirements Recording & Storing phase?
What is the primary goal of the Requirements Recording & Storing phase?
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What are the three primary problems that a system analyst must address during the Requirements Analysis phase?
What are the three primary problems that a system analyst must address during the Requirements Analysis phase?
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What is the main difference between a 'what' and a 'how' requirement in an SRS?
What is the main difference between a 'what' and a 'how' requirement in an SRS?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of a well-written SRS?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of a well-written SRS?
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Why is an SRS considered a black-box specification?
Why is an SRS considered a black-box specification?
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Why is it important for an SRS to be carefully written?
Why is it important for an SRS to be carefully written?
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Which of these factors can potentially affect the Requirement Analysis process?
Which of these factors can potentially affect the Requirement Analysis process?
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What is the role of the system analyst during the Requirement Analysis phase?
What is the role of the system analyst during the Requirement Analysis phase?
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What is the primary output of the Requirement Gathering and Analysis activity?
What is the primary output of the Requirement Gathering and Analysis activity?
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Which type of coupling is considered the most problematic in software development?
Which type of coupling is considered the most problematic in software development?
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What is a characteristic of a module with high cohesion and low coupling?
What is a characteristic of a module with high cohesion and low coupling?
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Which type of coupling occurs when two modules communicate using shared global data?
Which type of coupling occurs when two modules communicate using shared global data?
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What is an advantage of functional independence in software design?
What is an advantage of functional independence in software design?
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Which of the following is a non-functional requirement?
Which of the following is a non-functional requirement?
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Study Notes
Requirement Gathering & Analysis
- Requirements of a customer are crucial for software development.
- A system analyst performs the task of gathering and analyzing requirements.
- The analyst collects information from the customer and analyzes it to remove ambiguities and inconsistencies.
- Requirement gathering is typically the first step in software development, forming the foundation for the whole process.
- Its goal is to understand customer needs thoroughly to ensure no incompleteness or inconsistencies.
- This phase involves meetings with customers, market analysis, and examining existing documents.
- Requirement analysis follows requirement gathering.
- Its objective is to thoroughly understand the customer's exact requirements.
- IEEE defines requirement analysis as understanding user needs and refining system requirements (hardware or software).
- Requirement analysis helps to understand, interpret, classify, and organize software requirements, ensuring feasibility, completeness, and consistency.
Requirement Analysis Activities
- Eliciting requirements: understanding customer needs through communication.
- Analyzing requirements: clarifying and making requirements complete, clear, and unambiguous.
- Recording requirements: documenting requirements in different formats (use cases, specifications, etc.).
- Solving questions like: what is the problem? What are the inputs and outputs? What are the complexities?
Requirement Analysis Considerations
- Changes in the environment or technical aspects can impact the process.
- The analyst identifies and resolves problems related to anomalies, inconsistencies, and incompleteness in requirements.
Software Requirement Specification (SRS)
- The output of requirement gathering and analysis is the SRS document.
- It's a detailed description of the software to be developed, describing the system's complete behavior.
- The SRS should define the "what" without describing the "how".
- It serves as a reference document for developers and helps clarify project guidelines.
- It's a contract between the developer and the end-user, mediating potential disagreements.
- It translates customer ideas into formal documents.
- It acts as a black-box specification, focusing on observable behaviors instead of internal details.
- It works as an input to the design phase.
- Enables better communication between customer and developer.
- Facilitates project planning and helps in verification/validation.
Cohesion and Coupling
- Modularity (breaking down a program into smaller modules) is crucial for software development.
- Cohesion measures the internal strength of a module.
- High cohesion means modules focus on a single functionality; low cohesion indicates unnecessary interdependencies within the module.
- Coupling measures the interdependency between modules.
- Low coupling promotes independence among modules.
- High coupling increases the complexity in software development, as modules are highly reliant on each other.
- Types of cohesion include: coincidental, logical, temporal, and procedural, with functional cohesion being the most desirable.
- Types of coupling include: data, stamp, control, common, and content, where data coupling is the least coupled and content coupling is the most coupled.
Characteristics of a Good SRS
- Concise: provides clear, brief information
- Complete: includes all necessary project information
- Consistent: avoids contradictory requirements throughout the project
- Conceptual Integrity: clearly defines and explains the system's concepts
- Structured: well-organized for easy understanding
- Verifiable: able to be confirmed by customers
- Adaptable: permits future changes
- Maintainable: allows for modifications and updates in the future
- Portable: can be applied to similar projects in the future
- Unambiguous: avoids multiple interpretations
Functional and Non-Functional Requirements
- Functional requirements define what the system does.
- Non-functional requirements describe how the system behaves (e.g., quality, reliability).
Communicational Cohesion
- Modules perform multiple, related tasks that operate on the same data. (e.g., functions on an array, queue)
Sequential Cohesion
- Modules perform sequential operations. For instance the input, validation, and output steps in a TPS.
Functional Cohesion
- Modules focus on a single, well-defined task. (e.g., calculation, sorting).
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Description
This quiz focuses on the essential concepts of requirement gathering and analysis in software development. It covers the roles of a system analyst, the importance of understanding customer needs, and the methodologies involved in collecting and refining requirements. Test your knowledge on this foundational phase of software engineering to ensure successful project outcomes.
