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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of Requirement Engineering?
What is the primary purpose of Requirement Engineering?
Which of the following best describes high-level requirements?
Which of the following best describes high-level requirements?
What output does Requirement Engineering process typically produce?
What output does Requirement Engineering process typically produce?
Which question is integral to the Requirement Engineering process to gather facts?
Which question is integral to the Requirement Engineering process to gather facts?
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What is a common technique used in Requirement Engineering?
What is a common technique used in Requirement Engineering?
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Which of the following statements about low-level requirements is accurate?
Which of the following statements about low-level requirements is accurate?
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What is the first main activity involved in Requirement Engineering (RE)?
What is the first main activity involved in Requirement Engineering (RE)?
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What is an expected outcome from the activities in Requirement Engineering?
What is an expected outcome from the activities in Requirement Engineering?
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Which technique is NOT commonly used in Requirement Engineering?
Which technique is NOT commonly used in Requirement Engineering?
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What aspect of project management is emphasized in relation to Requirement Engineering?
What aspect of project management is emphasized in relation to Requirement Engineering?
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Why is it important to question established procedures?
Why is it important to question established procedures?
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What type of question should be included in an interview during the systems analysis phase?
What type of question should be included in an interview during the systems analysis phase?
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What is the purpose of Requirement Compilation in Requirement Engineering?
What is the purpose of Requirement Compilation in Requirement Engineering?
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What does Requirement Validation and Analysis focus on?
What does Requirement Validation and Analysis focus on?
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Which question category is NOT typically asked during an interview?
Which question category is NOT typically asked during an interview?
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Which of the following best describes the role of observation in Requirement Engineering?
Which of the following best describes the role of observation in Requirement Engineering?
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What is a key consideration when designing a questionnaire to ensure effective data collection?
What is a key consideration when designing a questionnaire to ensure effective data collection?
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Which type of question should be limited in a questionnaire to avoid tabulation difficulties?
Which type of question should be limited in a questionnaire to avoid tabulation difficulties?
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What benefit does a site visit provide during requirement engineering research?
What benefit does a site visit provide during requirement engineering research?
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What factor should be avoided in designing questions for a questionnaire?
What factor should be avoided in designing questions for a questionnaire?
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Which method can complement questionnaires and provide additional insights in Requirement Engineering?
Which method can complement questionnaires and provide additional insights in Requirement Engineering?
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Why should concerns about job security be limited in the questions of a questionnaire?
Why should concerns about job security be limited in the questions of a questionnaire?
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What should be included at the end of a questionnaire to encourage further input?
What should be included at the end of a questionnaire to encourage further input?
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What research strategies can be useful for gathering industry trends and developments?
What research strategies can be useful for gathering industry trends and developments?
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What is the main purpose of open-ended questions in interviews?
What is the main purpose of open-ended questions in interviews?
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Which type of question is best for verifying specific facts during an interview?
Which type of question is best for verifying specific facts during an interview?
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What is an example of a range-of-response question?
What is an example of a range-of-response question?
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In which situation would it be most appropriate to use a questionnaire?
In which situation would it be most appropriate to use a questionnaire?
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What is a potential disadvantage of using closed-ended questions?
What is a potential disadvantage of using closed-ended questions?
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Which type of question encourages elaboration and further exploration from the interviewee?
Which type of question encourages elaboration and further exploration from the interviewee?
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What is an example of a closed-ended question?
What is an example of a closed-ended question?
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What is primarily achieved through the use of range-of-response questions?
What is primarily achieved through the use of range-of-response questions?
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What is an important step in planning observations for a system review?
What is an important step in planning observations for a system review?
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Why is document review crucial in Requirement Engineering?
Why is document review crucial in Requirement Engineering?
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What is a defining characteristic of a systematic sample in research?
What is a defining characteristic of a systematic sample in research?
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What is the primary goal of risk management in IT projects?
What is the primary goal of risk management in IT projects?
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What could lead to project failure concerning risk management?
What could lead to project failure concerning risk management?
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What is stratified sampling used for in the context of research?
What is stratified sampling used for in the context of research?
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How can documentation be problematic during project development?
How can documentation be problematic during project development?
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What is a necessary practice regarding risks in project development?
What is a necessary practice regarding risks in project development?
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What is the primary purpose of a risk management plan?
What is the primary purpose of a risk management plan?
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What does qualitative risk analysis primarily evaluate?
What does qualitative risk analysis primarily evaluate?
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Which process involves creating plans to deal with anticipated risks?
Which process involves creating plans to deal with anticipated risks?
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What is not a task included in the risk management steps?
What is not a task included in the risk management steps?
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What is a common method used in quantitative risk analysis?
What is a common method used in quantitative risk analysis?
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What aspect is essential for ongoing risk management?
What aspect is essential for ongoing risk management?
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Which strategy involves taking an alternative path to prevent a risk?
Which strategy involves taking an alternative path to prevent a risk?
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What does risk transfer generally entail?
What does risk transfer generally entail?
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Study Notes
System Development Methods - CT046-3-2, System Planning - Part 2
- This presentation uses digital learning, lecture notes, visual aids, and appropriate media.
- All content is credited to its original owner under a creative commons license.
- The presentation materials belong to APU and cannot be duplicated or distributed.
- The presentation uses the Trueno and Calibri fonts.
Topic & Structure of the Lesson
- The lesson covers Requirement Engineering purpose and activities.
- It also covers Requirement Engineering techniques.
- Finally, it covers Project risk management.
Learning Outcomes
- Explain the purpose of requirement engineering and its activities.
- Describe the various requirement engineering techniques.
- Discuss the importance of project risk management.
Key Terms
- Requirement Engineering purpose and activities
- Requirement Engineering techniques
- Project risk management
Part 2
- The part details Requirement Engineering purpose and activities.
- It discusses Requirement Engineering techniques.
- Finally, it addresses Project risk management.
Requirement Engineering (RE)
- Requirement Engineering (RE) is a process of gathering, analyzing, and finalizing requirements for a project.
- Also known as Requirement Gathering, System Investigation.
- Requirements guide what the new information system should do to achieve objectives.
- RE involves high-level requirements (the overall system goal determined at initial planning) and low-level requirements (more detailed functions determined through gathering data from various sources).
- The output from these processes is the System Requirements Specification (SRS).
Requirement Engineering (RE): Purpose
- RE involves asking questions like WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, HOW, and WHY.
- Each of these questions should be further explored by asking "why".
- This process helps understand procedures, tasks, locations, timings, and methods.
Requirement Engineering (RE): Main Activities
- Main activities include Requirement Elicitation.
- This involves collecting data about the old and new systems.
- Next is Requirement Compilation, which gathers and merges collected data.
- Lastly is Requirement Validation and Analysis, which involves refining collected data to only include important and achievable requirements.
Requirement Engineering (RE): Techniques
- Popular techniques include Interviewing, Questionnaires, Research, Observation, Document Review, and Sampling.
Requirement Engineering (RE): Interviews
- Interviews are essential fact-finding tools during the systems analysis phase.
- Interview preparation, conduct, documentation, and evaluation are crucial.
- Interviews should incorporate open-ended, closed-ended, and range-of-response questions.
Requirement Engineering (RE): Interview Examples
- Open-ended: What are users saying about the new system? How is this task performed? Why do you perform the task that way?
- Closed-ended: How many personal computers do you have in this department? Do you review reports before they are sent out?
- Range-of-response: On a scale of 1 to 10, how effective was your training?
Requirement Engineering (RE): Questionnaires/Surveys
- Questionnaires collect input from multiple people.
- They help gather data on various topics like workloads, reports, transactions, duties, difficulties, and opinions about efficiency improvements.
- Questionnaires should be brief, user-friendly, and use logical question sequencing.
- They should avoid leading questions and questions causing negative reactions.
Requirement Engineering (RE): Research
- Research can involve the internet, IT magazines, books, and industry trend information.
- Attending professional meetings and discussions can aid problem-solving.
- Site visits help observe systems in action in other environments.
Requirement Engineering (RE): Observation
- Observation adds insight into system procedures and verifies statements made in interviews.
- Plan observations with checklists documenting steps, documents, inputs, outputs, and processes.
- Analyze each form, record, and report. Determine the purpose of each piece of information.
Requirement Engineering (RE): Document Review
- Document review aids understanding of the current system's workflow.
- Obtain copies of current forms and operating documents, including blank and completed forms.
- Be aware that documentation might be outdated.
Requirement Engineering (RE): Sampling
- Research can encompass the internet, IT magazines, and books.
- Attending professional meetings, discussions, and seminars enhances problem-solving.
- Sampling involves selecting specific data points (like every tenth customer, a specified percentage of transactions from each zip code, or a random sample of 20 customers).
- This ensures geographic balance in surveys or analysis.
Project Risk Management
- Every IT project has risks that affect projects negatively.
- Risk management aims to identify, analyze, anticipate, and monitor risks to reduce their impact.
- Projects can fail due to poor risk management; this includes a lack of identifying, analyzing, planning, and monitoring of risks
Risk Management (continued)
- Step 1: Develop a Risk Management plan.
- Analyze project scope, stakeholders, budget, and schedule.
- Define roles, responsibilities, methods, and contingencies.
- Step 2: Identify the risks.
- Determine risk likelihood, impact, description, cause, and responsible party.
Risk Management (continued)
- Step 3: Analyze the risks.
- Employ qualitative risk analysis (estimating probability and impact).
- Utilize quantitative risk analysis (quantifying impact using models, simulating different scenarios).
Risk Management (continued)
- Step 4: Create a risk response plan. Develop proactive strategies to anticipate and address risks.
- Step 5: Monitor risks. Ongoing tracking, detecting new risks and adjustments.
Risk Management Strategies
- Transfer risk (e.g., to a vendor).
- Avoid risk (find an alternate path to circumvent the risk).
- Reduce risk (mitigate to lower the effect).
- Accept risk (implement a solution despite anticipated consequences).
Summary
- Requirement Engineering (RE) gathers, analyzes, and finalizes project requirements.
- RE uses various techniques to gather data about the old and new systems.
- Analysts use different question types during RE.
- Risk management identifies, analyzes, anticipates, and monitors risks.
- Effective risk management plans, identifies risks, analyzes them, creates plans to respond, and monitors the risks.
- Strategies like risk transfers, avoidance, reduction, and acceptance are crucial for managing project risks.
End of Presentation
- Next session: System Analysis
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Description
Test your understanding of Requirement Engineering fundamentals with this quiz. Explore key concepts like high-level and low-level requirements, techniques used in the process, and essential activities involved. Perfect for students and professionals looking to reinforce their knowledge in this critical area of software development.
