Republic Act 1425: Batas Rizal

Republic Act 1425

• Enacted to include in the curriculum of all public and private schools, colleges, and Universities the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal
• Focuses particularly on his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
• Act authorizes the printing and distribution of these materials
• Republic Act Blg. 1425 is more popularly known as the Batas-Rizal
• Approved on June 12, 1956, implemented on August 16, 1956, by the Lupon ng Pambansang Edukasyon
• Mandates the inclusion of the study of Dr. Jose Rizal's life, works, and writings in the curriculum of all private and public schools
• Focuses especially on his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
• Senator Claro M. Recto was the main author of the bill and received criticism for it
• Some opposed the study of Noli and Fili in all universities and colleges

Opposition to the Republic Act

• Included a former president of Catholic Action as one of the opposers
• Argued that the bill violated freedom of choice and religion
• Some organizations and members of the Catholic Church were active in the Senate hearings regarding this bill
• Padre Jesus Cavanna believed that Noli and Fili were things of the past
• He believed the novels inaccurately described the Philippines at that time
• Claimed Noli contained 120 statements against the Catholic Church

Amendments to the Republic Act

• May 12, 1969, the Committee of Education of Congress amended the law
• Based on proposals by Senators Roseller Lim and Emmanuel Pelaez
• Students can be excused from using the original versions of Noli and Fili if it affects their religious beliefs
• Ended the controversy and passed the Batas-Rizal as a reflection of Filipino nationalism, as stated in the Department Order Blg. 12, serye 1969

Significance of the Republic Act

• Not only aims to honor the national hero
• Also intends for Filipinos to rediscover themselves through the principles of nationalism and freedom, which Dr. Jose Rizal worked hard to achieve
• His life, works, and writings serve as a guide for self-discipline, civic-mindedness, and moral values

Choosing Rizal as the National Hero

• Dr. Jose P. Rizal is the most well-known of all Filipino heroes
• Recognized in various fields, including being a doctor (eye surgeon), writer, linguist, teacher, painter, sculptor, surveyor, architect, engineer, ethnologist, economist, farmer, businessman, geographer, cartographer, folklorist, philosopher, translator, inventor, magician, humorist, satirist, player, traveler, and prophet
• His name is spoken by people in the Philippines
• Monuments, towns, streets, organizations, schools, and towns and commercial names are named after him
• Rafael Palma stated, "Rizal's doctrines are not just for one period but for all time."
• Jose Rizal was chosen as the national hero during the American period in the Philippines under the governance of Civil Governor William Howard Taft

Group responsible for discussions

• The people involved in the discussions to deliberate on the merits of potential heroes were:
• William Howard Taft
• Morgan Shuster
• Bernard Moses Dean
• Worcester Henry C. Ide
• Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
• Gregorio Araneta
• Cayetano Arellano
• Jose Luzurriaga

Standards for Choosing the Main Hero

• A Filipino
• Deceased
• Has a towering love for the country
• Has gentle feelings
• Potential Heroes of the Race
  • Marcelo H. del Pilar
  • Emilio Jacinto
  • Graciano Lopez Jaena
  • Jose Rizal
  • General Antonio Luna
• According to records, many chose Marcelo H. del Pilar, a change attributed to Dr. H. Otley Beyer
• Dr. H. Otley Beyer was an Anthropology expert and technical assistant to the commission
• The reason for the change was Rizal's life and death were more dramatic, especially his martyrdom in Bagumbayan

Official Endorsement of Rizal

• Taft Commission chose Rizal as the main hero
• This act only reaffirmed that Jose Rizal was celebrated by his countrymen
• They considered him the greatest man of the Malay race and a martyr for his homeland

Remembering Rizal's Death

• December 30, 1896 - When Jose Rizal was shot in Bagumbayan
• Many mourned and admired his greatness and bravery

Other Considerations

• Before the Spanish discovered the Katipunan, Andres Bonifacio sent Pio Valenzuela to determine Rizal's stance on the planned revolution
• Event demonstrates the trust and respect for Rizal's intelligence
• General Emilio Aguinaldo and other leaders of the revolution, who were exiled to Hong Kong, held a memorial event on December 29, 1897, to honor Rizal's achievements
• Anniversary of the hero's shooting
• La Independencia newspaper, edited by Antonio Luna, and El Heraldo de la Revolucion under President Aguinaldo's government, issued an additional copy to commemorate Jose Rizal's death

Official Proclamation

• December 20, 1898, President Aguinaldo issued an official proclamation creating December 30 of that year as Rizal Day
• Proclamation States:
  • The Philippine flag should be flown at half-mast from noon on December 29 until noon on December 30
  • All government offices should be closed throughout the day on December 30
• Bonifacio VS Rizal as a National Hero
• There are proposals that Andres Bonifacio, not Rizal, should be recognized as the main national hero
  • Reason being that he never held a gun, rifle, or sword in the fight for freedom
• Comparing National Heroes

Examples in Other Countries

• Chosen main national hero belongs to the group of soldiers or generals
• Examples: George Washington of the United States, Napoleon I and Joan of Arc of France, Simon Bolivar of Venezuela, Jose de San Martin of Argentina, Bernando O'Hinggins of Chile, and Jimmo Tenno of Japan
• The speaker notes the nation's chosen national hero is a civilian whose weapon is his pen
• Despite this, Filipinos, exercising free will and a unique perspective, did not follow the examples of other countries
• Rizal as a National Hero by Ferdinand Blumentritt
• Ferdinand Blumentritt stated in 1897: "Rizal is not only the MOST FAMOUS MAN AMONG HIS COUNTRYMEN but also THE GREATEST MAN CREATED BY THE MALAY RACE
• His memory will not fade from his native land, and future generations of Spaniards will learn to pronounce his name with respect and reverence.”
• Rizal as a National Hero by Rafael Palma

Significant Information

• Rafael Palma explains the recognition of Rizal as the main hero over Bonifacio through these words:
  • Filipinos should be proud to have one with unique characteristics among their national heroes
  • Cannot be matched or surpassed by anyone
  • Often the heroes in Western countries are warriors and generals, serving their purpose with their sword, shedding blood and tears
  • Hero of the Filipinos served his purpose through his writing

Power of Rizal's Words

• The power of the pen is as strong as the sword in freeing people from political enslavement
• Speaker compares this to Bonifacio's sword
• Sword of Bonifacio was needed to break the power of foreign forces
• The revolution prepared by Bonifacio is only an effect as the spiritual liberation was made by result of Rizal's pen
• Speaker thinks everything Rizal did outshines Bonifacio
• Due to the order in which they came and their importance
• Although Bonifacio's actions had an immediate effect, Rizal's had a more lasting, foundational impact

Rizal as a National Hero by Esteban A. De Ocampo

• Ocampo's essay, "Who chose Rizal as our National Hero and Why?" mentioned
  • Rizal became the national hero because he, as the predominant figure in the Propaganda Movement, played a significant role in the movement
  • Movement would have us choose a work by a Filipino writer of that time, that more than any other that has helped building the nationality of the Filipinos
  • Speaker states that people would choose Noli Me Tangere (Berlin, 1887) by Rizal
  • Pedro Paterno published his novel Ninay in Madrid in 1885; Marcelo H. del Pilar, his La Soberania Monacal in Barcelona in 1889; Graciano Lopez Jaena, his Discursos y Articulos Varios Impresiones in Madrid in 1893
  • None of these books created praise 0 criticism from friends or enemies such as Noli ni Rizal

Early Life of Jose Rizal

• Real name was Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
• Born in Calamba, Laguna on Wednesday, June 19, 1861, at eleven or twelve o'clock, and it was the full moon
• Baptized in the Catholic Church on June 22, at three days old
  • Padre Rufino Collantes - baptized him
  • Padre Pedro Casañas - godfather
• Rizal wrote an autobiography called Memorias de un Estudiante de Manila (Memories of a Student in Manila)
• Used the name P. Jacinto
• His mother's survival was a result of her vow to the Virgin of Antipolo
• FAMILY OF RIZAL
  • Rizal's father's name was Francisco Engracio Mercado Rizal
  • According to Austin Craig's book, Francisco was orphaned early at the age of 8
• His mother and older sister cared for and guided him
• His other sibling was Potenciana
• His father was from Biñan (born on May 11, 1818)
• Studied Latin and Philosophy at the Kolehiyo ng San Jose in Manila
• Met Teodora and married her on June 28, 1848
• Francisco died on (January 5, 1898 at the age of 80.)
• His mother was Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda Rizal
• Born in Manila on (November 8, 1826.)
• Died on (August 16, 1911 at the age of 85)
• Brigida and Lorenzo Alberto Alonso were the parents of Doña Teodora
• Studied at the Kolehiyo ng Santa Rosa, a known school for women in the city
• Good at mathematics and literature

Sibling of Rizal

• Jose Rizal was the seventh of eleven children (7/11) of Francisco Engracio Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso Realonda Rizal
• His nicknames were Moy and Pepe
  • Saturnina (1850-1913) was married to Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas.
  • Paciano (1851-1930) was loyal to Rizal and joined the Philippine Revolution after Jose was shot
• Became a general, then farmed in Los Baños after the revolution
• He had two children with his partner Severina Decena and died on April 13, 1930, at the age of 79
• Narcisa (1852-1939) had the nickname Sisa and married Antonio Lopez
• Olimpia (1855-1887) was called Ypia when she married Silvester Ubaldo
• Ypia was a telegraph operator in Manila studying at the Colegio de la Concordia
• Died 13 hours after giving birth
• Lucia (1857-1919) also studied at the Colegio de la Concordia
• Married Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, a nephew of Padre Casanas
• Herbosa died in 1889 and was denied a Christian burial because he was the brother-in-law of Dr. Rizal.
  • Maria (1859-1945), nicknamed Biang, married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna
  • Jose (1861-1896) was the main Filipino hero and nicknamed Moy and Pepe
• In dapitan he befriended Josephine Bracken an Irish from Hongkong and they had a boy which only lived a few hours named after his father Francisco
• Died at three
  • Concepcion (1862-1865) was nicknamed Concha, and she died in the illness at the age of three
  • Josefa (1865-1945), nicknamed Panggoy, was the president of the women's group of Katipunan and died single at the age of 80
  • Trinidad (1868-1951) was called Trining, and she also died an old maid at the age of 83
  • Soledad (1870-1929) was nicknamed Choleng
  • Married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba
• The Rizal family belonged to the principalia (wealthy) of the town during the Spanish period
  • Recognized in Calamba for their honesty and thrift in addition to having a large house by the church and carriage, which was a symbol of wealth

Private Library

• The Rizal's family had the largest library in Calamba
• It contained more than 1,000 copies of work All their children had access to it and they were all able to study
• Calamba was a hacienda town at that time and through the land they rented from the Dominican Order, they harvested rice, corn, and sugar cane
• Raised pigs, chickens, and turkeys in their backyard
• Dona Teodora had a small shop, a small flour mill, and a ham factory.

Early Childhood

• In his childhood, Jose was small and sickly
• His father had a small nipa hut built for him to play in during the day
• He watched the flowers, the clouds in the sky, and the birds flying and enjoyed the beauty of nature
• Dona Teodora was the first to teach Jose to read the alphabet and taught him by the age of three
• Same age he was able to join the family's prayers and read the Bible written in Spanish at the age of five The family prays together (parents and children) at evening prayer, to the rosary before going to bed, and also when going to church
• Caretaker would tell the Rizal children about enchanted beings, buried treasure, trees bearing diamonds, and other wonders, which sparked Jose's interest in legends and folk tales
• Concha (Concepcion) was often his playmate, and when Concha got sick and died at the age of three, Jose was deeply saddened by her death, and it was his first sadness
• On June 6, 1868, Jose and his father went to Antipolo for the pilgrimage that Doña Teodora had vowed when Jose was born
• He did not take Doña Teodora with him because she had just given birth to Trining. This was Jose's first pilgrimage to Antipolo, as well as his first time crossing Laguna Lake
• When told the story of the young moth, Jose became fixated
• A story was mentioned one night while Jose's mother was teaching him to read The Friends of Children, but Jose was interested in the moth fluttering in the light of the oil lamp
• Dona Teodora stopped teaching her son and told the story of the moth’s mother banning the young moth to fly close to the lamp in order to avoid being harmed
• The young moth continued to approach the lantern but ended up accidentally getting caught in the fire and dying
• While putting the boy Jose to sleep, Doña Teodora said not to imitate the young moth or he would meet the same fate as in the story
• Jose admired the young moth more because of its courage to approach the light of the lamp even at the expense of its own life
• From an early age, he also showed his talent and would draw from the age of 5, he draws with a pencil and shapes beautiful things made of clay or wax

Other Interests

• One day when Jose was six years old, all of his siblings teased him because he spent more time on sculpture than playing
• Amongst all of the laughter from his siblings he said: "Go ahead tease me but when I am dead one day, the townspeople not I will build the monuments for me”
• One of those most respected by Rizal when he was young was Padre Leoncio Lopez, the town pastor He instilled in his character a high appreciation for the rights of other people.
• Priest made meaningful explanations of things around him
• Jose had three uncles who influenced the formation of his character;
  • Tiyo Jose Alberto studied for eleven years at an English school in Calcutta, India, and traveled to Europe, and he encouraged him to carve and sculpt with mud and modeling clay
  • Tiyo Manuel was such a robust/brawny/hulking person and taught him games like swimming, wrestling, horseback riding, and physical exercise.
  • Tiyo Gregorio was a reader and sharpened his desire to read.
• At the age of eight, Jose created his first poem entitled To My Fellow Children
• The same age he wrote his first play in Tagalog. It was staged at the festival in Calamba and was liked by the people, which led the governor to buy the manuscript of the play worth two pesos
• A private tutor was one of the many requirements of Jose’s parents as he growing up and here are private tutors of Jose
  • Maestro Celestino was the first and after, then
  • Maestro Lucas Padua. Lumaon came in G. Leon Monroy, a former classmate of his father, became Rizal's teacher. He lived in their home, but after five months he died.

Education in Biñan

• The parents of Rizal was determined to send him to school in Biñan
• The speaker notes an incident occurred One Sunday of June, 1869, Jose traveled to Biñan with Paciano by cart and they went to the house of one of their Aunts, where Jose would be staying
• Jose mentioned to his cousin Leandro his admiration for his parents and siblings while they were strolling on that evening, while remembering his family and the town of Calamba
• Maestro Juastiniano Aquino Cruz was his teacher (a house-nipa hut) and far from Rizal's aunt’s house
• Paciano recognized the teacher since he was once his student, which according to Jose, G. Cruz was tall, thin, long neck, pointed nose and his body was slightly hunched.
• He was good at grammar but was strict. Pedro was the son of the teacher, whom the former was talking to and laughed at Jose on his first day of class. On that afternoon, he challenged Pedro to a fistfight and Jose became popular with his classmates because he beat Pedro in that fight
• Jose's life as a student/schoolboy in Biñan went well with the speaker stating that he was awake at four o'clock in the morning to go to church or either study his lesson, and then go to church
• After his breakfast, he would get to the yard and pick fruits. After his breakfast, he would get into the school until ten o'clock
• In the afternoon, Jose would return to school at two o'clock and leave at five o'clock, and the speaker notes from this portion that it did not go away unlike others
• This included academic’s subjects, and Jose was on top and was given a lima o anim, while others gave a statement on his classmates involved in the fight and there were instances that he did not run away from any challenges
• Before Christmas 1870, Jose received a letter from Saturnina to let him know that he was going home to Calamba and that they were leaving by ship
• December 17, 1870, One week before it was on a Friday, for the sake of his mother there and so happy she had asked that Saturnin was so nervous but he had to leave them but I had an errand to make it more likely that his mission was his.
• Arturo Camps, a Frenchman friend of his father, who went to the side with travel

Going back to Calamba

• As Rizal returned to Calamba, grief and sadness seized his mind and heart
• By June, 1872, Dona Teodora was imprisoned due to a false accusation of being part of the poisoning of her sister-in-law, the wife of her brother Jose Alberto
• After Jose Alberto's return from his travels in Europe, he discovered that his wife was having an affair, and out of anger, he wanted to separate from his wife, but to avoid this scandal, Doña Teodora asked her brother to forgive his wife. Jose Alberto agreed, so he returned to his wife's side. But his wife had other plans. She conspired with a Spanish lieutenant of civil guard where she filed a case against her husband and Doña Teodora by stating that the two intended to poison him
• After arresting Doña Teodora, they walked (forced walk) to Calamba to Sta. Cruz which was the capital of Laguna with a distance of fifty kilometers, and he was imprisoned in the provincial prison of more than two years.
• 1872 also took place the execution of the three priests, Padre Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora
  • Accused of conspiring in the rebellion at the arsenal in Cavite for some time
• Hukuman-militar sentenced them to death by garrote method., and stated speaker, there were lots of Rizal' family or the Rizal family, were many of their families or the families I want to have a word of the truth there.
• The GomBurZa martyrdom was mourned by the Rizal family and many patriotic citizens . Paciano was saddened since Padre Burgos was his friend, teacher, and housemate

Cavite Mutiny

• When the revolt took place in Cavite
  • Paciano was 20 years old
  • Jose was 11 years old.
• Many families remained silent to not be harmed and at that time
  • There was no such thing called public opinion, and newspapers contained were what the speaker called ""so much"" and there was such free and open conversation among many people in the topic.
• Ateneo Municipal (1872 1877)
• The college Ateneo Municipal is now the (Ateneo de Manila) which is under the administration of the Spanish Jesuits. Previously it was called Escuela Pia This was founded in 1817 by the city administration and then in 1859 during the returning Jesuits in 1868, to the Philippines, administration of the Escuela Pia was given.
• This school is in the within Intramuros, which is the center of administration with reference to the statement of the last phrase.

Transfer to Manila

• The speaker notes that he prepared at the age of eleven that he was one’s (eleven-taong-gulang na), was in it that he had made the transfer
• While there are the other the city and the students:
• Three schools were in Maynila
• For children that possess the and well known in the life-and-death
  • The San Jose Seminary, the College of San Juan de Letran, and the Ateneo Municipal.
• Paciano accompanied Jose in Manila and took the entrance exam at San Juan de Letran where he passed, but his father changed his mind when Jose returned to Calamba. At Ateneo Municipal in Manila
• He wanted to study and not be accepted because he was late (after class started) in registering and he was small and thin and speaker tells/mentions that Thanks to G. Manuel Xeres, nephew of Padre Jose Burgos who was also accepted student at Ateneo Municipal de Manila on the 10th day of June, 1872, it all went well. Ever since he listed at the college, he used the name Jose Rizal, while stating that, this stated as advice of his brother Paciano, from fears that Jose would get in trouble if it turns out like they are brothers if it were that they were using Mercado.

Background Information on Rizal

• He added that only Jose of the family used of the last name Rizal and it was something that stuck with his friend Ferdinand Blumentritt that it gave him the feeling to tell him I want this thing. The speaker also notes that for a period of time, Rizal at Ateneo was recognized that it was more of a school with a modern that were from within School were being called empire of Romano whereas those were living from outside School were being known the empire of a Carthaginian.
• The genius in each empire was made the emperor. The speaker notes the following month, Jose becoming emperor was also a quick rise, considering he (Jose) was at the lowest rank/most difficult to be ranked in to become a Roman considering at the time that those who could be Roman was those you spoke Castillan.
• To learn spoke Castillan, he travelled to Santa Isabel’s University every opportunity, as he would get a scholarship as he studied for this

More Personal Background on Student Life

• Rizal lived with Dona Titay, a maiden that had a payment on him
  • Her mother was mentally ill
• Rizal lived next year in a boarding house of Denia Pepper Fari Bose Beach - teacher of Rizal the teacher and that teach you but the most hated and has the Ateneo also mentions one of his teacher that would do bad to him Because of that (with reference to the last note), there was no interest in the study 2nd semester, while earning great mark in things-related assigned that does well in their work and would not be on his

More Information About Teachers

• Rizal and Rizal to those who and that and said.
• Notes from his that he was a for (with reference to the word English in the previous). And what was said there in the lesson and also Because I that from it, do not be left by the end of .

Accomplishments

• He earned a gold medal for what he had done and there was
• Some things with reference to the notes that and this (the last thing said) had the effect that I just do not have it, and I do not want to make it happen that
• And I did not stay there and I did not just leave it all
• They wanted to show what Rizal that will just to the . I will say what it’ll be During the thing, I what was in Because he had to show . was . He said with that from .

More personal accomplishments

• Greater good has happened that Rizal was also good in writing books over all
• After writing them the speaker that I the from it
• Not just had the most for you that are in but I the speaker that it would give you that there were only some (1976-1887)
• Rizal to do for more he has . Because is for. (and with the addition of ) I there and In to what you (what’s been said)

Notes on specific Ateneo writings

• What follows are a number of verses that are in Ateneo for a few years :
• Maligayan Bati (Felicitation) - was in what
• A Bayang to that had that
• The Pagsakay: A Hookup and how she was
• Hanggang: The Paha and now what you have
• The Makaligid that
• The : from the , ily

A description of ARALIN 2

• At the other that would the
  • said not that from the . All a thing that for to that’ll go

Early Medical Education

• Under Santo Tomas University
• It was in what Pilosopias - to with for a (as a student/subject to what I , but (with 1878 1878 - Doctor- for . for or what
• for had and also they said in . in said (like in "what .

Agrinomensor - .

• was (of to take to what to for the to

Background Information

• *in for They said the you that in as to you
• A and a what

BAKASYON - IN

• .

What follows are description and accounts

• for a . from will be the 23
• . a or a for what the . and a

for more things a list. and. or In said .

• what

ARALIN 4

UNANG PAGLALAKBAY PATUNGONG IBANG BANSA

• . in what 4th year you . (and)

that this