Reptile Classification Review
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Questions and Answers

What is the Kingdom Classification for reptiles?

Animalia

What is the Phylum Classification for reptiles?

Chordata

What is the Subphylum Classification for reptiles?

Vertebrata

What is the Class Classification for reptiles?

<p>Reptilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Order Classification for Caiman?

<p>Crocodilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Order Classification for Copperhead?

<p>Squamata</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Order Classification for Gecko?

<p>Squamata</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Order Classification for Terrapin?

<p>Testudines (Chelonia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Order Classification for Skink?

<p>Squamata</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Order Classification for Tuatara?

<p>Rhynchocephalia (Sphenodonta)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Order Classification for Gavial?

<p>Crocodilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Order Classification for Anaconda?

<p>Squamata</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Order Classification for Leatherback?

<p>Testudines (Chelonia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Order Classification for Iguana?

<p>Squamata</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Order Classification for Gila Monster?

<p>Squamata</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Allantois?

<p>A membrane which stores metabolic wastes produced by the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Yolk?

<p>The fat-rich food supply for a developing reptile embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Albumen?

<p>The portion of the amniotic egg which contains water and protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Amnion?

<p>The thin membrane enclosing the fluid in which the embryo floats</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Chorion?

<p>The outermost membrane of the egg; surrounds and protects all other membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are reptiles classified as a paraphyletic group?

<p>They do not include all descendants of their most recent ancestor</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three ways in which the skeleton of a reptile differs from the skeletons of other vertebrates.

<p>Only have one bone in their ear, Have only one occipital condyle, Have a different skull shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an Anapsid?

<p>No opening behind the eye socket; Found in Turtles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Synapsid?

<p>Single opening (Fenestra) behind the eye socket; Found in mammals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Diapsid?

<p>Have two fenestra behind the eye socket; Found in all reptiles EXCEPT turtles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the information for Turtles?

<p>Shell Shape: Streamlined, disk-shaped; Environment: Water-dwelling; Adaptations: Swim, bask in the sun, burrow in mud (Torpor); Foot/Leg: Webbed feet or flippers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the information for Tortoises?

<p>Shell Shape: Dome-shaped; Environment: Land-dwelling (Hot, dry); Adaptations: Dig burrows and cool down underground; Foot/Leg: Thick, sturdy legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the description of a Crocodile?

<p>Long, triangular head with upper and lower teeth shown; Found in Africa, Asia, South America, and South Florida</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the description of Gavials?

<p>Slender, long snout; males have a knob on the tip; Found in India and Burma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the description of an Alligator?

<p>Wide, flat heads with round noses and only upper teeth show; Found in China and the Southern US</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the description of a Caiman?

<p>Similar to alligators, but have a shorter snout; Found in Central America, South America, and Florida</p> Signup and view all the answers

List four ways Tuataras are different from most other reptile species.

<ol> <li>Most active at lower temperatures; 2) Well-developed median parietal eye; 3) Slow growth; 4) Take 1-1.25 years for eggs to hatch</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are Jacobsons?

<p>Pit-like organs in the roof of the snake's mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the reptile brain is enlarged and controls muscle movement and interprets sensory information?

<p>Cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What era is nicknamed the Age of Reptiles?

<p>Mesozoic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are tuataras found?

<p>New Zealand</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure helps reptiles rip through the shell to hatch out of their eggs?

<p>Tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest turtle species?

<p>Leatherback</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chambers do most reptiles have in their hearts?

<p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of venom do Copperheads use to attack the nervous system of their prey?

<p>Neurotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Hemipenes?

<p>Unique double copulatory organs found in reptiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of egg do reptiles lay?

<p>Amniotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dorsal surface of a turtle called?

<p>Carapace</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Reptile Classification

  • Kingdom: Animalia
  • Phylum: Chordata
  • Subphylum: Vertebrata
  • Class: Reptilia
  • Orders include Crocodilia (e.g., Caiman, Gavial, Alligator) and Squamata (e.g., Copperhead, Gecko, Anaconda, Skink, Iguana, Gila Monster), along with Testudines (Turtles and Terrapins) and Rhynchocephalia (Tuatara).

Reptile Orders and Examples

  • Crocodilia: Caiman, Gavial, Alligator
  • Squamata: Copperhead, Gecko, Anaconda, Skink, Iguana, Gila Monster
  • Testudines (Chelonia): Terrapin, Leatherback
  • Rhynchocephalia (Sphenodonta): Tuatara

Amniotic Egg Structures

  • Allantois: Membrane storing metabolic wastes of the embryo
  • Yolk: Fat-rich food supply for the embryo
  • Albumen: Contains water and protein, supports embryo
  • Amnion: Encloses fluid for embryo protection
  • Chorion: Outermost membrane protecting the other membranes

Reptile Evolution and Anatomy

  • Paraphyletic group, excluding some descendants of the most recent common ancestor.
  • Unique skeletal features: one ear bone, one occipital condyle, distinct skull shape.
  • Types of skulls: Anapsid (no openings, e.g., turtles), Synapsid (one opening, found in mammals), Diapsid (two openings, found in most reptiles excluding turtles).

Turtle and Tortoise Adaptations

  • Turtles: Streamlined, disk-shaped shells; adapted for aquatic environments with webbed feet or flippers.
  • Tortoises: Dome-shaped shells; land-dwelling with adaptations like stout legs for burrowing.

Specific Reptilian Characteristics

  • Crocodiles: Triangular heads with visible teeth, found in Africa, Asia, and South Florida.
  • Gavials: Long, slender snouts, males have a distinctive knob.
  • Alligators: Wide heads, round noses, predominantly found in China and the Southern US.
  • Caimans: Similar to alligators with shorter snouts, located in Central and South America.

Tuataras

  • Unique adaptations: active in cooler temperatures, possess a median parietal eye, slow growth, lengthy egg incubation (up to 1.25 years).
  • Native to New Zealand.

Sensory and Brain Functions

  • Jacobsons: Pit-like organs in snakes' mouths aiding in smell.
  • Cerebrum: Enlarged part of the brain controlling movement and sensory processing.

Historic Context

  • The Mesozoic Era is known as the "Age of Reptiles."

Reptilian Reproductive Features

  • Reptiles typically lay amniotic eggs, featuring a structure (tooth) that assists embryos in breaking out of their shells.
  • Most reptiles possess a heart with three chambers.
  • Unique reproductive anatomy includes hemipenes, allowing double copulation.

Venom and Feeding

  • Copperhead snakes utilize neurotoxic venom affecting prey's nervous system.

Turtle Anatomy

  • The dorsal surface of a turtle is referred to as the carapace.
  • The largest turtle species is the leatherback.

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Test your knowledge of reptile classification with this flashcard quiz. The questions cover various taxonomic ranks including Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, and Class. Whether you're a student or just a reptile enthusiast, this quiz will reinforce your understanding of reptilian taxonomy.

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