Reproductive Terms and Definitions Quiz

Gravida/Gravidity

• Gravida refers to a woman who is pregnant, including her current pregnancy and any prior pregnancies.
• Includes abortions.
• Twins/triplets are counted as one gravidity.

Para/Parity

• Para refers to a woman who has given birth to a viable infant.
• Includes babies born alive or stillborn.
• Twins/triplets are counted as one parity.

Nullipara

• A woman who has never given birth.

Primipara

• A woman who has given birth to one child.

Multipara

• A woman who has given birth to two or more children.

Viability

• 20 weeks gestation.
• Total pregnancy is 40 weeks.

Preterm

• A pregnancy that reaches 20 weeks of gestation but ends before 37 weeks.
• In real-world terms, this is often 35 weeks.

Term

• A pregnancy that lasts between 37-42 weeks.

Postterm/Postdate

• A pregnancy that ends after 42 weeks gestation.

GTPAL

• Gravidity, Term Births, Preterm Births, Abortions/Miscarriages, Living Children.

Naegele's Rule

• A method for determining the estimated due date (EDD) based on the last menstrual period (LMP)
• Calculation: LMP - 3 months + 7 days + 1 year

Types of Signs/Symptoms of Pregnancy

• Presumptive: Subjective symptoms (e.g., missed period, fatigue).
• Probable: Objective indications (e.g., positive pregnancy test, enlarged uterus).
• Positive: Definitive proof of pregnancy (e.g., fetal heart tones detected).

Antepartal Testing

• Biophysical profile (BPP) measures various factors, including fetal heart rate (FHR) and amniotic fluid index (AFI).
• AFI should be between 8–18 cm.
• Nuchal translucency is a ultrasound and serum screening to check chromosomal disorders.

Healthy People 2030 Goals

• Reduce fetal deaths at 20+ weeks of gestation.
• Increase prenatal care among pregnant women.
• Reduce preterm births.
• Increase proportion of women having a healthy weight before pregnancy.

Pregnancy Hormones

• Progesterone: maintains pregnancy, prevents contractions
• Relaxin: relaxes smooth muscles, aids in stretching.
• Prolactin: stimulates milk production.
• hCG: prevents menstruation.
• Oxytocin: stimulates contractions.

Tocolytics

• Drugs used to stop preterm labor. (e.g. Terbutaline, Nifedipine, Magnesium Sulfate).
• Magnesium Sulfate is also used to stop seizures.

Betamethasone (Celestone)

• Steroid used to stimulate production of lung surfactant, given to prevent premature delivery.

Medical/Surgical Issues

• Infertility, IVF treatments.

• Ectopic pregnancy: implantation outside the uterus (medical emergency).

• Placenta previa and abruption.

• Gestational HTN/preeclampsia/eclampsia. (High blood pressure)

• Anemia: Low red blood cell counts (Low levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit).

• HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets).

• DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation).

• Gestational Diabetes: Hypoglycemia concern in newborns (glu >40)

• Hyperemesis gravidarum: Severe vomiting during pregnancy

• Pregnancy Risks by Smoking, Alcohol, and Drug Use

• TORCH infections (Toxoplasmosis, Other infections, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes).

• Group Beta Streptococcus (GBS).

• RhoGAM treatment.

• fetal movement testing.