32 Questions
What is the outer peripheral zone of the ovary that contains the follicles and corpora lutea?
Cortex
Which part of the ovary is made up of highly vascularized loose connective tissue and smooth muscle fibers?
Medulla
What is the specialized mesothelium (serosa) that comes from the peritoneum and surrounds the ovaries?
Germinal epithelium
Which part of the ovary serves as an exocrine gland by generating oocytes and as an endocrine gland by producing hormones?
Cortex
What is the function of the zona pellucida in the secondary follicle?
It forms communicating junctions between the oocyte and granulosa cells
Which hormone induces follicular development?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
What does the corpus luteum produce?
Progesterone
What cells surround the granulosa cells in the tertiary follicle and later become steroid-secreting cells?
Theca cells
What is formed from the vascularized granulosa and theca interna cells?
Corpus luteum
What is the main function of large lutein cells in maintaining pregnancy?
Secreting progesterone
What happens to atretic follicles?
Remain undeveloped and degenerate
What is the size of a small lutein cell compared to a large lutein cell?
Smaller size
What is the role of progesterone produced by the corpus luteum?
Promoting nesting and maintaining pregnancy
What is the function of thecorona radiata?
Nutritional function
What is the size of a primordial oocyte?
Around 20 µm in diameter
What is the lining of the vagina?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Which glands are distinguished in the mucosa of the vestibule and are present in the cow, sheep, and cat?
Branched tubuloalveolar glands with mucous secretion
What is the composition of the tunica muscularis in the vestibule?
Inner layer of skeletal muscle and outer layer of skeletal muscle
Which statement about the clitoris is true?
It is constituted by a corpus cavernosum similar to that of the penis
What happens to granulosa cells in the avian follicle at ovulation?
They are shed with the oocyte at ovulation
In which region of the avian oviduct does the production of albumin occur?
Magnum
What is produced in the isthmus region of the avian oviduct?
Inner membranes of the shell
Where does fertilization of the oocyte occur in the avian reproductive system?
Infundibulum
Which structure undergoes regression and transforms into the corpus albicans?
Corpus luteum
What is the histological structure of the cervix composed of?
Muscularis and serosa
Which part of the uterus is the implantation site of the fetus?
Endometrium
What is the function of the fimbriae in the uterine tubes?
Collect oocytes during ovulation
What is the specialized pigment in the corpus luteum that condenses during regression?
Lutein pigment
Which layer of the uterus is made up of simple columnar or pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Endometrium
What is the main component of the myometrium?
Smooth muscle fibers
What are the finger-like projections in the uterine tubes called?
Fimbriae
What does the corpus albicans represent after regression?
A connective tissue scar
Study Notes
- The corpus luteum undergoes regression, transforming into the corpus albicans. The first regression sign is the condensation of the lutein pigment, which appears reddish. The corpus albicans is a connective tissue scar that remains after the regression.
- Uterine tubes (oviducts) are bilateral structures that extend from the ovary to the uterine horns. They consist of an infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and outer serosa.
- The mucosa of the infundibulum is lined by a simple columnar or pseudostratified columnar epithelium, which has microvilli and secretes nutrients. The tubes have numerous folds and finger-like projections called fimbriae, which are highly vascularized and collect oocytes during ovulation.
- The myometrium is a thick layer of smooth muscle fibers arranged in a circular and longitudinal manner, with large arteries, veins, and lymphatics between them. It increases in size and number during pregnancy.
- The uterus is the implantation site of the fetus, consisting of horns, a body, and a cervix. The endometrium consists of a superficial functional zone and a deep basal area. It is made up of a simple columnar or pseudostratified columnar epithelium, and is highly vascularized and innervated. Simple branched tubular glands and caruncles are also present.
- The cervix has a sinuous lumen and a histological structure composed of a mucosa/submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The mucosa is divided into an endocervix and exocervix, and is lined by a columnar epithelium with many goblet cells and simple tubular glands. The muscularis is made up of two layers of smooth muscle fibers, and muscle and elastic fibers are necessary for restoring the structure of the cervix after childbirth.
Test your knowledge of reproductive system histology with this quiz covering structures such as the corpus luteum, corpus albicans, and uterine tubes.
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