Podcast
Questions and Answers
The reproductive system includes which of the following?
The reproductive system includes which of the following?
- Gonads and external genitalia
- Ducts that receive and transport the gametes
- Accessory glands and organs that secrete fluids
- All of the above (correct)
What does the reproductive system produce?
What does the reproductive system produce?
Gametes
What is the special type of cell division required to produce gametes?
What is the special type of cell division required to produce gametes?
Meiosis
The order in which sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus is __________.
The order in which sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus is __________.
The organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the __________.
The organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the __________.
What is the spermatic cord?
What is the spermatic cord?
Interstitial cells produce __________.
Interstitial cells produce __________.
Where does sperm production occur?
Where does sperm production occur?
Sperm develop from stem cells called __________.
Sperm develop from stem cells called __________.
What does spermiogenesis produce?
What does spermiogenesis produce?
What gland produces a secretion that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and fibrinogen?
What gland produces a secretion that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and fibrinogen?
What organ surrounds the urethra and produces an alkaline secretion?
What organ surrounds the urethra and produces an alkaline secretion?
What are the small paired structures at the base of the penis that secrete thick alkaline mucus?
What are the small paired structures at the base of the penis that secrete thick alkaline mucus?
What is the function of the penis in reproduction?
What is the function of the penis in reproduction?
What is the fold of skin that covers the glans penis called?
What is the fold of skin that covers the glans penis called?
The urethral meatus is an opening in the __________.
The urethral meatus is an opening in the __________.
What erectile tissue surrounds the urethra?
What erectile tissue surrounds the urethra?
What are the paired erectile bodies in the penis called?
What are the paired erectile bodies in the penis called?
What is the role of FSH in males?
What is the role of FSH in males?
What pituitary hormone stimulates interstitial cells to secrete testosterone?
What pituitary hormone stimulates interstitial cells to secrete testosterone?
Which gland secretes fructose to nourish sperm?
Which gland secretes fructose to nourish sperm?
Which structures can be found inside the spermatic cord?
Which structures can be found inside the spermatic cord?
What are nurse cells responsible for?
What are nurse cells responsible for?
A primary spermatocyte matures into how many spermatids, and how many chromosomes do they have?
A primary spermatocyte matures into how many spermatids, and how many chromosomes do they have?
Where are spermatozoa functionally matured?
Where are spermatozoa functionally matured?
What are interstitial cells also known as?
What are interstitial cells also known as?
The ductus deferens is approximately how long?
The ductus deferens is approximately how long?
In a mature human spermatozoan, the head contains how many chromosomes?
In a mature human spermatozoan, the head contains how many chromosomes?
A typical ejaculation releases approximately how many sperm?
A typical ejaculation releases approximately how many sperm?
Where is testosterone secreted?
Where is testosterone secreted?
What is the effect of the contraction of the cremaster muscles?
What is the effect of the contraction of the cremaster muscles?
Which description best matches the term endometrium?
Which description best matches the term endometrium?
What is the broad ligament?
What is the broad ligament?
Which organ transports the ovum to the uterus?
Which organ transports the ovum to the uterus?
About half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty.
About half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty.
The surge in luteinizing hormone during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers __________.
The surge in luteinizing hormone during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers __________.
What is responsible for follicle maturation at the beginning of the ovarian cycle?
What is responsible for follicle maturation at the beginning of the ovarian cycle?
What is the average length of the menstrual cycle?
What is the average length of the menstrual cycle?
During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, what occurs?
During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, what occurs?
All are true of the vagina except that it loses a portion of its lining during menses.
All are true of the vagina except that it loses a portion of its lining during menses.
The vulva includes the vagina.
The vulva includes the vagina.
The uterine phase that develops because of a fall in progesterone levels is called __________.
The uterine phase that develops because of a fall in progesterone levels is called __________.
The clitoris is derived from the same embryonic structures as the penis in males and engorges with blood during sexual arousal. What are its other characteristics?
The clitoris is derived from the same embryonic structures as the penis in males and engorges with blood during sexual arousal. What are its other characteristics?
What is the principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum?
What is the principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum?
Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of __________.
Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of __________.
The granulosa cells of developing follicles secrete __________.
The granulosa cells of developing follicles secrete __________.
Which is not an action of estrogen?
Which is not an action of estrogen?
What is the portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina called?
What is the portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina called?
What is the region of the vagina that surrounds the cervix?
What is the region of the vagina that surrounds the cervix?
Which region of the uterine tube captures the ovum?
Which region of the uterine tube captures the ovum?
What is the description that best matches the term round ligament?
What is the description that best matches the term round ligament?
What is the description that best matches the term myometrium?
What is the description that best matches the term myometrium?
Both the testes and ovaries do not produce progesterone.
Both the testes and ovaries do not produce progesterone.
The broad ligament attaches to all organs except __________.
The broad ligament attaches to all organs except __________.
What is the function of the ovary?
What is the function of the ovary?
Another term for vulva is __________.
Another term for vulva is __________.
A sample of a woman's blood showing high levels of progesterone and inhibin, and low levels of FSH and LH indicates she is experiencing what phase of the uterine cycle?
A sample of a woman's blood showing high levels of progesterone and inhibin, and low levels of FSH and LH indicates she is experiencing what phase of the uterine cycle?
What does FSH do?
What does FSH do?
A mature follicle releases an ovum in response to a surge in __________.
A mature follicle releases an ovum in response to a surge in __________.
What results from contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles?
What results from contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles?
Estrogen levels rise after menopause.
Estrogen levels rise after menopause.
What is the thick muscular layer of the uterus called?
What is the thick muscular layer of the uterus called?
Study Notes
Reproductive System Overview
- Comprises gonads, external genitalia, ducts for gamete transport, accessory glands, and copulatory organs.
- Functions include production, storage, transportation, and nourishment of gametes.
Gamete Production and Meiosis
- Gametes are produced through meiosis, a specialized cell division.
- Spermatozoa develop from stem cells known as spermatogonia.
Male Reproductive Structures
- Sperm journey: Testis → Epididymis → Ductus deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra.
- Ductus deferens transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.
- Spermatic cord contains ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.
- Interstitial cells, also known as Leydig cells, produce androgens like testosterone.
Sperm Production and Maturation
- Sperm produced in seminiferous tubules undergo spermiogenesis to form spermatozoa.
- Functional maturation of sperm occurs in the epididymis.
- Contraction of cremaster muscles elevates testes, regulating temperature essential for sperm production.
Seminal and Accessory Glands
- Seminal glands secrete a fluid that nourishes sperm, containing fructose and prostaglandins.
- Prostate gland produces alkaline secretion; Bulbo urethral glands secrete thick mucus.
Penis Anatomy
- The penis is responsible for delivering semen into the female reproductive tract.
- Prepuce protects the glans penis, while corpus spongiosum surrounds the urethra.
- Corpora cavernosa constitutes the paired erectile bodies in the penis.
Hormonal Regulation in Males
- FSH initiates sperm production; LH stimulates testosterone secretion from interstitial cells.
- A typical ejaculation contains approximately 250 million sperm.
Female Reproductive System Overview
- The broad ligament is an extensive mesentery enclosing the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus.
- Ovaries secrete hormones, produce oocytes, and secrete inhibin.
Oogenesis and Follicle Development
- Oogonia complete mitosis before puberty; fall in progesterone leads to menstruation.
- Luteinizing hormone surge triggers ovulation.
- Follicle maturation is stimulated by a rise in FSH.
Menstrual Cycle Phases
- Average menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days, with a secretory phase marked by high progesterone.
- Endometrial lining is categorized into functional and basilar zones.
Vagina and Vulva
- Vagina surrounds cervix, which projects into the vagina; contains a fornix.
- The vulva includes external structures but excludes the vagina.
Uterine Anatomy
- Infundibulum of the uterine tube captures the ovum during ovulation.
- Myometrium is the thick muscular layer of the uterus, aiding in childbirth.
Hormonal Interactions and Changes
- Granulosa cells secrete estradiol; estrogen levels influence reproductive cycles.
- Drops in progesterone levels trigger menstruation; levels do not rise post-menopause.
- High levels of progesterone and inhibin indicate the secretory phase of the uterine cycle.
Functional Comparisons
- Both ovaries and testes produce hormones, but only ovaries produce oocytes and progesterone.
- The broad ligament does not attach to the urinary bladder, focusing instead on reproductive organs.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the reproductive system with these flashcards. Explore key terms and definitions related to gametes, organ functions, and specialized cell division. Perfect for students studying biology or health sciences.
