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Explain the process of gemmule formation in sponges.
Gemmule is an internal bud formed in sponges, containing a mass of dormant cells called archaeocytes. These archaeocytes are coated by a thick resistant layer of secretion by amoebocytes, allowing them to develop into a new organism when conditions are favorable.
What is the purpose of gemmule formation in sponges?
Gemmule formation in sponges occurs as a survival strategy to overcome unfavorable conditions. It allows for the preservation of dormant cells that can develop into a new organism when conditions become favorable.
Define apomixis and provide an example.
Apomixis is a type of asexual reproduction where seeds are produced without fertilization. An example of apomixis is the formation of seeds from the maternal plant's ovule without the need for pollination.
Explain the concept of seed dormancy.
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Describe the process of seed germination.
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What factors affect seed viability?
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What are the two types of seeds based on the presence of endosperm in mature seeds?
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Explain the difference between endospermic and non-endospermic seeds in terms of the fate of endosperm during seed development.
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What is the purpose of the micropyle in a seed coat?
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Describe the role of cotyledons in seeds.
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What is the significance of pollination in seed development?
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Explain the process of seed development initiation.
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What are the main categories of apomixis and how do they differ?
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What is dormancy in seeds and why is it important?
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Describe the process of germination in seeds.
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What is the role of apomixis in plant reproduction?
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How does seed viability relate to dormancy?
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Explain the difference between diplospory and apospory in apomixis.
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