Reproductive Hormones and Puberty Quiz
33 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What hormone is primarily produced by the testes during male sexual development?

  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Testosterone (correct)

    • During puberty, the ovaries are capable of producing active reproductive cells called gametes.

    True

    What are the two primary hormones released by the pituitary gland during puberty?

    Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

    The phase of the female reproductive cycle that involves the shedding of the uterine lining is called ______.

    <p>Menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following hormones with their function:

    <p>Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) = Stimulates growth of ovarian follicles Luteinizing Hormone (LH) = Triggers ovulation Testosterone = Stimulates spermatogenesis Estrogen = Promotes development of female secondary sex characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what average age does puberty onset typically occur for females?

    <p>9 to 15 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only males produce sex hormones after birth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influence does GnRH have during puberty?

    <p>It stimulates the pituitary gland to produce FSH and LH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of Progestin Only Pills (POP)?

    <p>Suppress ovulation and thicken mucous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Progestin Only Pills increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect experienced by users of Progestin Only Pills?

    <p>Irregular bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Women should use a backup method for the first __ hours when starting Progestin Only Pills.

    <p>48</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their corresponding WHO contraindication status for Progestin Only Pills:

    <p>Breastfeeding women &lt; 6 weeks postpartum = USMEC 2 Current DVT or PE = Absolute contraindication Acute viral hepatitis = Absolute contraindication Breast cancer = Absolute contraindication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable effect of estrogen on lipid levels?

    <p>Improves HDL to LDL ratios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Progesterone depresses the central nervous system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one absolute contraindication to consider in rational drug selection.

    <p>Any specific medical condition or drug interaction that contraindicates use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug interactions can affect the use of oral contraceptives?

    <p>St John’s Wort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All oral contraceptives have the same effectiveness.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the side effects with their corresponding risks associated with oral contraceptive use:

    <p>Venous thromboembolism = Increases risk of 3 to 5 times Cholestatic jaundice = Liver condition due to hormonal therapies Myocardial infarction = Risk associated with cardiovascular problems Neurological migraines = Migraines that can worsen due to hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one factor to consider based on patient’s need when selecting a contraceptive method?

    <p>Patient's need for discretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of monophasic hormonal contraceptives?

    <p>Same amount of estrogen and progesterone for 21 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monophasic hormonal contraceptives help in reducing the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one non-contraceptive benefit of hormonal contraceptives.

    <p>Decreased dysmenorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One benefit of monophasic contraceptives is a reduction in ______ bleeding.

    <p>breakthrough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the non-contraceptive benefits of hormonal contraceptives with their descriptions:

    <p>Decreased dysmenorrhea = Relief from painful menstrual cramps Improved menstrual migraine = Reduction of migraine severity during menstruation Lessening of acne = Reduction in skin blemishes caused by hormonal fluctuations Fewer ovarian cysts = Decrease in the formation of ovarian cysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if a person does not get their period within three weeks after taking emergency contraception?

    <p>See a healthcare provider for an exam and pregnancy test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uterine fibroids can disqualify someone from using an IUC depending on their location.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of emergency contraceptive is preferred for individuals with a BMI greater than 35?

    <p>Ulipristal (ella)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ___________ is a procedure that permanently interrupts the vas deferens in men.

    <p>vasectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following contraceptive methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Vasectomy = Interruption of vas deferens Tubal Ligation = Mini-laparotomy technique for female sterilization Plan B = Progestin-only emergency contraceptive Ulipristal = Emergency contraceptive requiring a prescription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done as soon as possible after taking emergency contraception?

    <p>Start using a method of birth control on an ongoing basis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Current purulent cervicitis is a poor candidate for an IUC.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum time frame in which Plan B can be taken after unprotected intercourse?

    <p>120 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sexual Development

    • Male and female embryos are identical in appearance until the 6th week of gestation.
    • Both sexes develop reproductive organs from the same tissues.
    • Steroid hormone production changes significantly in week 7:
      • Testes produce androgens.
      • Ovaries produce estrogens.
    • After birth, testes and ovaries continue to produce small amounts of sex hormones, influencing reproductive organ development.

    Puberty

    • Puberty is a period of rapid growth and sexual maturation leading to functional reproductive systems.
    • The onset of puberty varies but typically occurs between 9 and 15 years old, starting earlier in females.
    • The Hypothalamus regulates GnRH secretion.
    • GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland to produce FSH and LH.

    Male Puberty

    • FSH and LH stimulate testes to produce testosterone.
    • Testosterone impacts secondary sex characteristics: voice deepening, beard growth, body hair, muscle mass.
    • FSH and testosterone stimulate spermatogenesis.

    Female Puberty

    • FSH and LH stimulate ovaries to produce estrogen.
    • Estrogen impacts secondary sex characteristics: breast enlargement, hip widening, body hair.

    The Menstrual Cycle

    • Three phases:
      • Menstruation and the follicular phase.
      • Ovulation.
      • Luteal phase.

    Estrogen and Progesterone

    • Estrogen has positive effects on bone mass, triglycerides, and HDL-to-LDL ratios.
    • Estrogen stimulates coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways.
    • Progesterone increases body temperature and insulin levels.
    • Progesterone may depress the central nervous system.

    Oral Contraceptives (OCs)

    • All oral contraceptives have similar effectiveness.
    • Cost varies:
      • Retail cost typically $30-~$70 per cycle.
      • Generic OCs are available on $4 lists.
      • IUDs have an expensive initial cost but may be lower overall.
    • Patient variables should be considered, such as delivery preference and timing of subsequent pregnancy.

    Rational Drug Selection for Oral Contraceptives

    • Start with absolute contraindications.
    • Consider:
      • Bleeding patterns.
      • Side effect profiles.
      • Patient's need for discretion.
      • Timing of a future pregnancy.

    Drug Variables for Oral Contraceptives

    • Drug interactions may occur with TB drugs, antiepileptic drugs, and St John’s Wort.
    • OCs can impact lipid levels.
    • Common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) include:
      • Venous thromboembolism risk increases 3 to 5 times with OC use.
      • Cholestatic jaundice.
      • Benign hepatic neoplasms.
      • Myocardial infarction.
      • Stroke.
      • Neurological migraines.

    Progestin-Only Pills (POPs)

    • Also known as “mini pills”.
    • Suppress ovulation and thicken cervical mucus, making the endometrium unsuitable for implantation.
    • Taken daily without free days.
    • Highly effective and safe for most women, including those with contraindications to other CHCs.
    • Common complaint is irregular bleeding.
    • Other androgenic side effects include: nausea, weight changes, depression, fatigue, acne, hirsutism, and lipid and CHO effects.
    • 3rd generation POPs (desogestrel and norgestimate) are considered the least androgenic.

    World Health Organization (WHO) Contraindications for POPs

    • Breastfeeding women < 6 weeks postpartum (USMEC 2).
    • Current DVT or PE.
    • Acute viral hepatitis or other liver disorders.
    • Breast cancer.
    • Not suitable for women who cannot tolerate irregular bleeding or amenorrhea.
    • There is no increased risk of VTE with POPs.

    Counseling for POPs

    • Start during the first 5 days of the menstrual cycle or any day you are sure you are not pregnant.
    • Use back-up methods for the first 48 hours.
    • Take one pill daily at the same time (± 3 hours) with no breaks.
    • If a pill is missed, take it as soon as you remember, even if it means taking two pills on the same day.
    • Drug interactions: Rifampin, anticonvulsants, St. John’s Wort.
    • Fertility returns after discontinuing the pill.
    • Period changes are common.

    Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs)

    • More than 75 million women worldwide rely on COCs.
    • Safe for healthy, reproductive-aged, nonsmoking women.
    • Initial pills (1960s) had high hormone doses.
    • One formulation holds progestin constant while varying estrogen.

    Monophasic Combined Oral Contraceptives

    • Same amount of estrogen and progesterone for 21 days, followed by 7 placebo pills.
    • Advantages: Less breakthrough bleeding, good for women sensitive to hormonal fluctuations.
    • Encourage patients to log side effects, noting when they occur.

    Non-Contraceptive Benefits of Oral Contraceptives

    • Decreased dysmenorrhea, menstrual irregularities, and menstrual blood loss.
    • Improved menstrual migraines.
    • Lessening of acne and hirsutism.
    • Fewer ovarian cysts.
    • Significantly reduced endometrial and ovarian cancer risk.
    • Lower incidence of benign breast conditions.
    • Favorable bone impact.
    • Suppression of endometriosis for women who do not desire pregnancy.
    • Decreased fibroid risk.

    Intrauterine Contraceptives (IUDs)

    • Different types: Copper (ParaGard) or hormonal (Mirena, Skyla, Liletta, Kyleena).
    • Effective for long periods (up to 10 years).
    • Inserted by a healthcare provider.
    • May cause cramping or bleeding.
    • Long-term benefits include:
      • Reduced risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
      • Decreased menstrual bleeding.
      • Reduced risk of endometrial cancer.
    • Fibroid reduction with 5 years of continuous use.

    Contraindications for IUDs

    • Known or suspected pregnancy.
    • Puerperal sepsis.
    • Immediate post-septic abortion.
    • Unexplained vaginal bleeding.
    • Cervical or endometrial cancer.
    • Uterine fibroids depending on location.
    • Uterine distortion.
    • Current purulent cervicitis.
    • Pelvic TB.

    Emergency Contraceptives

    • Different types:
      • Plan B™, Plan B One Step™, or Next Choice (progestin-only).
      • Ulipristal (ella) 30mg (one dose, Rx-only).
    • Education and counseling are essential:
      • If the period does not start within 3 weeks, see the PCP for an exam and pregnancy test.
      • Do not have unprotected sex during the days and weeks following treatment.
      • Begin using a reliable method of birth control as soon as possible.
      • Remember this is a difficult decision.
    • Ulipristal is preferred for overweight women (BMI > 35).

    Contraception - Sterilization

    • Permanent method, common for those over 30 years old.
    • Vasectomy: Interruption of the vas deferens.
    • Local anesthesia, outpatient procedure.
    • Tubal ligation:
      • Mini-laparotomy technique.
      • Ties, cuts, or newer transcervical inserts.

    HIV and Contraceptives

    • CHCs/POPs: Category 1-2.
    • DMPA: 40% increased risk of HIV acquisition.
    • IUDs: Category 2.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Contraception PDF 9/12/2017

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the hormones involved in male and female sexual development and the reproductive cycle. This quiz covers important aspects of puberty, hormone functions, and contraception methods like Progestin Only Pills. Challenge yourself and learn more about human reproductive health!

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser