Reproductive Hormones and Pituitary Gland Quiz

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What is the main function of the endocrine system?

To ensure rapid communication within the body

To regulate the body's temperature

To maintain homeostasis using slow-acting hormones (correct)

To control the body's voluntary movements

Which of the following correctly describes the paracrine system?

It is responsible for the long-distance communication in the body

It involves cells secreting a chemical to adjust their own functions

It operates by secreting hormones into the bloodstream

It affects nearby cells by secreting chemicals (correct)

What are the two main categories of hormones based on their chemical composition?

Amino acids and lipids (correct)

Lipids and peptides

Proteins and steroids

Amines and proteins

Why do lipid soluble hormones need help from proteins to travel through the cardiovascular system?

Because they are hydrophobic and cannot dissolve in blood plasma Signup and view all the answers

What hormone stimulates blood cell production in the bone marrow?

Erythropoietin (EPO) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced by adipose tissue and regulates bone metabolism?

Leptin Signup and view all the answers

What does the liver produce to help regulate blood pressure?

Angiotensinogen Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone decreases with aging and can contribute to osteoporosis?

Parathyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the most used second messenger in the process described?

Cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is commonly known as vasopressin?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a certain amount of hormone or drug is floating in the blood?

Downregulation Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is stimulated by both chemical and neural stimuli?

Pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone regulates thyroid activity?

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Signup and view all the answers

What causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of growth hormone (GH)?

Promotes protein synthesis and tissue building Signup and view all the answers

What happens in downregulation of cells?

Cells decrease the number of receptors due to lots of stimulation Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone enables another hormone to act?

Permissive effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the hormones that travel through the hypophyseal portal system to instruct the anterior pituitary to release or inhibit release of a hormone?

Hypothalamic hormones Signup and view all the answers

What does phospholipase C (PLC) split a phospholipid into?

Diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositole triphosphate (IP3) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of phosphodiesterase (PDE) in the described process?

To turn off cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels through glycogenolysis?

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) produced by the heart?

Inhibits renin secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which organ produces the active form of vitamin D, known as calcitriol?

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of cholecystokinin in the gastrointestinal tract?

Promotes bile production Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for decreasing blood glucose levels by getting glucose into cells that need energy?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of estrogen in the female reproductive system?

Regulation of the menstrual cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of testosterone in the male reproductive system?

Causes maturation of sperm cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of breaking down stored triglycerides into free fatty acids or glycerol called?

Lipolysis Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is produced by the placenta to help with the softening of pubic symphysis for easier childbirth?

Human placental lactogen (hPL) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gonadotropins?

Stimulate hormonal release from the gonads Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of melatonin in the body?

Promote wakefulness Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone inhibits release of insulin and glucagon, and is also secreted by the hypothalamus?

Somatostatin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone from the anterior pituitary gland activates lactation in women and the development of mammary glands if pregnant?

Prolactin Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates melanin formation in melanocytes in response to UV light?

Melanin-releasing hormone (MRH) Signup and view all the answers

Where does iodine attach to form thyroid hormones with 3 or 4 iodines?

Tyrosine Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones regulate the body’s metabolic rate, influence fetal and early childhood development, and support neurological function?

Tryiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the parathyroid gland?

Secretion of parathyroid hormone (PH) to increase blood calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone from the adrenal cortex increases sodium levels?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What does the adrenal medulla produce?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is posterior to the hypothalamus and produces and secretes melatonin?

Pineal gland Signup and view all the answers

What may affect our body’s circadian rhythms, body temperature, and appetite?

Melatonin Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the retina of the eye?

Nerve signals from the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers