Reproductive Health

• Self-incompatibility (A) and PMC being a cell of sporophytic generation (B) are both correct statements.
• A typical angiosperm anther is bilobed with each lobe possessing two theca is the correct statement.
• Apomixis is observed in Asteraceae, some grasses, and citrus.
• Strawberry is incorrectly matched with "false fruit".
• Perisperm and embryosac ploidy are 2n and n, respectively.
• AIDS is a venereal disease, an RTI, and caused by a retrovirus.

Hormone-Releasing IUDs

• Suppress sperm motility.
• Make the uterus unsuitable for implantation.
• Cause the cervix to be hostile to sperm.

In-Vitro Fertilization

• IUT is not a form of in-vitro fertilization.

Artificial Insemination

• In-vivo fertilization is not associated with artificial insemination.

STDs

• Pelvic inflammatory is NOT one of the early symptoms of STDs. – STDs are very common among the 15-24 year age group.

CDRI

• CDRI is located in Lucknow.

Implants

• Have a mode of action similar to pills.
• Can use progesterone alone.
• Are more effective than pills.

Increasing Contraceptive Efficiency

• Spermicidal creams are used along with barrier methods to increase contraceptive efficiency.
• Abdominal pain, irregular menstrual bleeding and breast cancer are all ill-effects of contraceptive methods.
• MTPs are considered safe when done within the first trimester.

Sequence of Events

• The correct sequence is (a) formation of inner cell mass, (c) uterine cells divide, (b) blastocyst becomes embedded, (d) uterine cell covers blastocyst, and (e) leads to pregnancy.

Hormone Action in Humans

• Estrogen is secreted by a growing ovarian follicle.
• Both LH and progesterone attain their peak in the middle of the cycle.
• FSH and LH secretion increase during the luteal phase in females.

Secretory Phase

• The secretory phase in the human menstrual cycle is also called the luteal phase and lasts for about 10 to 14 days.
• Leydig cells in the human body secrete testicular hormones.
• Considering the structures perisperm, seed coat, funicle, cotyledon, aleurone layer, endosperm, epicotyls, plumule, hypocotyls, radicle, hilum, and integument, there are genetically identical zygotes.

Female Reproductive System

• The female reproductive system's role is ovulation, fertilization, pregnancy, childbirth, and childcare.
• Sperm heads are embedded in Sertoli cells after spermiogenesis.
• Hair on head development NOT occur at the end of the second trimester.

Ploidy

• Primary oocyte is wrongly matched with ploidy n and 4c.
• Graffian follicle transforms into corpus luteum linked to a high level of LH.
• Inner cell mass differentiation starts before implantation, which is NOT a correct statement.
• Ovum, spermatid, second polar body, first polar body, and granulosa cells have all cells haploid.
• Mitochondria are present in the sperm's middle piece.
• Progesterone is released by the ovary, not the placenta.
• The heart is formed after one month of pregnancy is wrongly matched.
• In angiosperms, the number of gametes in the male gametophyte is less than the number in the female gametophyte.
• Both male and female gametophytes have all cells as haploid for the correct answer.
• Aggregate fruit NOT develop from monocarpellary ovary.
• Flowers with a foul odor are pollinated by flies.
• Rejection of pollen grain on stigma occurs through chemical release by the pistil and chemical in the exine.
• If the antipodal ploidy is diploid and the PEN is 8n, the probable ploidy of the zygote is 5n.
• A minimum of 500 meiotic divisions are required to form 400 seeds, assuming all seeds result from fertilization.
• If the number of chromosomes in male and female gametes is 14, the aleurone layer of wheat will have 42 chromosomes.
• Mango has a single ovary and multiple ovules.
• Nucellus inside the seed develops into an embryo in mango and citrus.
• The zygote of haplontic algae has the thickest cell wall.
• Bamboo is not monocarpic.
• Jackfruit is not a composite fruit.
• Geitonogamy cannot occur in maize.
• Edible pollen grain is present in Yucca plant.
• Pollination by wind is generally absent in groundnut.
• Bat-pollinated flowers feature everything except a bright color.

Seed Advantage

• Attracting insects is NOT an advantage of seeds.
• Dioecious flowers prevent self-pollination through dicliny.
• Perisperm is present in black pepper.
• Xenogamy is not possible in pea.
• Microsporangia have pollen grains.
• Vegetative cells of pollen grains all are features.
• Interstitial cells are the endocrine tissue of the testes.
• Leydig cells, responsible for androgen synthesis, are present in the interstitial space outside the seminiferous tubule.
• Seminal plasma in humans is rich in fructose, calcium, and certain enzymes.
• During spermatogenesis, reduction division occurs in the conversion of the primary spermatocyte to the secondary spermatocyte.

Male Reproductive System

• Consists of a pair of testes, accessory ducts, glands, and a pair of external genitalia.
• Spermiation is the transformation of spermatid into spermatozoa.
• Pituitary glands do NOT secrete GnRH to stimulate LH and FSH.
• Tertiary follicle further changes into immature follicle called Graafian follicle is NOT a correct statement regarding the menstrual cycle.
• The inner layer of the uterus is the endometrium.
• Oviduct does NOT join the uterus by the ampulla.
• During the menstrual cycle, cyclical changes occur in the endometrium.
• Decrease in estradiol is NOT associated with ovulation in the human female.
• The cervix lies between the uterus and vagina.
• The secondary oocyte is haploid.
• Ectopic pregnancy refers to the implantation of an embryo at a site other than the uterus.
• Fertilization in humans is practically feasible only if the ovum and sperm are transported simultaneously to the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
• In a human female, meiosis II is not complete until fertilization.
• The urethral meatus refers to the external opening of the urinogenital duct.
• Medical Termination of Pregnancy
  • Assertion: It's legalized.
  • Reason: MTP is generally performed to terminate unwanted pregnancies from rape, casual relationship, etc.
• IUD's in India
  • Assertion: IUDs like copper-T are the most widely accepted methods of contraception.
  • Reason: Sterilization procedure in the male is called vasectomy.
• Tubectomy involves the removal or tying up of a small part of the fallopian tube.
• Multiload 375 is a non-hormone releasing IUD.
• Assisted reproductive technology, IVF, involves the transfer of an embryo with 16 blastomeres into the fallopian tube.
• Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus.
• GIFT (Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer) is a technique to assist a childless couple.
• Correct statement: Zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the fallopian tube.
• The surgical procedure is vasectomy.
• Diaphragms are contraceptive devices used by females, placed to cover the cervical region that acts as physical barriers for sperm entry.
• Assertion: Condoms are barriers made of thin rubber/latex sheath that can prevent conception.
• Reason: The use of condoms has increased in recent years due to its additional benefit of protecting the user from contracting STDs and AIDS.
• Assertion: Condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, and vaults are also barriers which prevent conception by blocking the entry of sperms into the female genital tract. -Reason: Spermicidal creams, jellies and foams are usually used along with these barriers to increase their contraceptive efficiency.
• Assertion and Reason are True but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of assertion.
• Emergency contraceptives are effective if used within 72 hours of coitus.
• IUDs increase phagocytosis reaction in the uterus.
• Rupture of Graffian follicle occurs before the 14th day of onset of the next menstrual cycle.
• Assertion and Reason are True but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of assertion.
• Assertion: Only one sperm can fertilize an ovum.
• Reason: When a sperm comes in contact with the zona pellucida of the ovum, some changes occur in the membrane that block the entry of other sperms.
• Assertion: Sex Of The Human Baby Is Determined By Father Not By Mother,
• Reason: XY Chromosome Is Present In Human Male
• A national level approach to building a reproductively healthy society was taken up in the 1950s.
• Vagina Acts as A Copulating Canal and Fertilizing Canal. Assertion and Reason are False.