Reproduction in Vertebrates SSIP February 2021

Questions and Answers

What defines ovipary in terms of animal development?

Eggs are laid outside the body and develop independently. (correct)

Eggs are fertilized inside the mother's body.

Young are produced through live birth.

Embryos develop inside the mother's body until birth.

What is a main advantage of vivipary for mammals?

Independence of the young at birth.

Laying eggs in large numbers.

Higher mortality rates for the young.

Connection between the mother and developing offspring. (correct)

Which animal is an example of ovovivipary?

Frog

Whale

Shark (correct)

Bird

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of ovovivipary?

Increased risk of predation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the reproductive strategy called ovovivipary?

There is no nutrition exchange between mother and embryo. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant disadvantage of vivipary?

More energy is required for parental care. Signup and view all the answers

How does parental care benefit oviparous animals?

It enhances the survival chances of the offspring. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Module 3?

Reproductive strategies in animals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ovovivipary is false?

There is a direct nutrient transfer from mother to embryo. Signup and view all the answers

Which unit would cover the differences between external and internal fertilization?

Unit 2: External and internal fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'precocial development' refer to?

Young are able to move and feed themselves shortly after birth Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the outcomes expected from completing this module?

Differentiate between types of reproductive strategies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included as a unit of study in this module?

Social behavior in animals Signup and view all the answers

What defines vivipary as an advantage over ovipary?

The young develop inside the mother's body. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hatchling A and B, why is yolk content higher in hatchling B?

Hatchling B develops for a longer time. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the male seahorse's method of fertilization not fit the definition of ovoviviparous?

The fertilized eggs develop outside the female's body. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of amniotic fluid?

To protect the embryo from drying out. Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproduction involves the fusion of motile male and stationary female gametes?

Sexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of fertilization where sperm and egg cells combine outside of the female's body?

External fertilization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of amniotic eggs?

They do not have any protection mechanisms. Signup and view all the answers

Which reproductive strategy allows animals to inhabit a variety of habitats due to the protective nature of the egg?

Amniotic egg Signup and view all the answers

What role does the chorion play in the amniotic egg?

It supplies oxygen and water to the embryo. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the fertilization process in seahorses?

The eggs develop and hatch in the male's pouch. Signup and view all the answers

What type of fertilization is demonstrated by frogs, where the eggs are fertilized in water?

External fertilization Signup and view all the answers

Why can oviparous animals thrive in various environments?

Their eggs are protected by a hard shell. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reproduction involves organisms being produced from parts of the parent body?

Asexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of courtship rituals in animals?

To attract a mate Signup and view all the answers

Which reproductive strategy includes the development of eggs that hatch inside the female but are not nourished directly by her?

Ovoviviparous Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects parental care in animals?

Providing shelter for offspring Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the yolk in an amniotic egg?

To provide food for the developing embryo Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of precocial development?

The young are helpless and blind at birth Signup and view all the answers

What function does the allantois serve in an amniotic egg?

It stores waste produced by the developing embryo Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding altricial development?

Young are blind and helpless at birth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals would be classified under precocial development?

A calf shortly after birth Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

SSIP Aims/Goals

Enhance teachers' knowledge of subject matter and students' understanding.
Improve quality of teaching and assessment employ effective instructional strategies.
Develop ICT integration skills to enhance teaching and learning experiences.
Build professional learning communities for teacher collaboration and networking.

Module 3 Overview

Focuses on reproductive strategies in animals to maximize reproductive success.
Covers various units including courtship behavior, fertilization types, and parental care.

Module Outcomes

Define reproduction and differentiate between reproductive strategies.
Describe fertilization processes, and understand advantages and disadvantages of reproduction types.
Explain how amniotic eggs support diverse habitats and detail developmental stages.
Discuss mechanisms and importance of parental care in survival.

Reproductive Strategies

Sexual Reproduction: Involves fusion of male and female gametes; genetically diverse offspring.
Asexual Reproduction: Involves reproduction without gametes; includes methods like budding or fragmentation.

Courtship Behavior

Defined as rituals to attract mates, involving displays of beauty, physical competition, and performances.
Examples: Male peacocks display feathers; fiddler crabs engage in dances; some species present food.

Fertilization Types

External Fertilization: Sperm fertilizes eggs outside the female body, commonly seen in aquatic species like frogs and fish.
Internal Fertilization: Sperm fertilizes the egg within the body; seen in most mammals and some reptiles.

Ovipary, Ovovivipary, and Vivipary

Ovipary: Egg-laying strategy with advantages like large quantity of eggs and parental care, but high mortality rates.
Ovovivipary: Eggs hatch within the female, providing protection, with examples including sharks and some reptiles; fewer offspring produced.
Vivipary: Live birth connection between mother and embryo; nutritional support leads to lower mortality but requires higher energy investment.

Amniotic Egg

Egg structure that includes protective membranes and shell, allowing development in a variety of environments.
Composed of amnion for protection, allantois for waste removal, and chorion for gas exchange.

Types of Development

Precocial Development: Young are relatively mature at birth, able to move and feed independently shortly after; seen in some birds and mammals.
Altricial Development: Young are born helpless, require extensive care, including feeding and warmth; examples include many bird species and marsupials.

Parental Care

Essential for the survival of young, involving feeding, warmth, and protection from predators.
Represents evolutionary strategy to ensure higher survival rates in offspring through nurture and protection.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the topic of reproduction in vertebrates, as part of the SSIP professional development activities. It aims to enhance teachers' understanding of subject matter and effective instructional approaches. Participants will evaluate their knowledge and application of this vital biological concept.