Reproduction in Animals and Plants
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The term morphology is Greek and is a make up of morph- meaning 'shape, form' and -ology which means 'the study of ______'.

something

The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts is called ______.

physiology

The way in which a living organism or bodily part functions is called ______.

physiology

What is reproduction?

<p>Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms - &quot;offspring&quot; - are produced from their &quot;parent&quot; or parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is reproduction a fundamental feature of all known life?

<p>Each individual organism exists as a result of reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sexual reproduction?

<p>Sexual reproduction is the joining of an egg and sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fragmentation?

<p>Fragmentation is a type of asexual reproduction or cloning where one organism is divided into minor fragments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is binary fission?

<p>Binary fission is the separation of the parent cell into two new daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of binary fission?

<p>Binary fission can be longitudinal, transverse, or irregular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is budding?

<p>Budding is a process where a new organism develops from a small part of the parent's body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is parthenogenesis?

<p>Parthenogenesis is a form of sexual reproduction by self-impregnation that results in the production of a zygote from a female gamete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During sexual reproduction, the genetic material contained in their chromosomes combine to produce genetically diverse offspring that is different from both parents.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between oviparous and viviparous animals?

<p>Oviparous animals lay eggs that develop outside of the mother's body. Viviparous animals give birth to live young.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants do not reproduce sexually.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of a flower with their function:

<p>Sepal = Protection of flower buds Petal = Pollination Stamen = Reproduction (male) Carpel = Reproduction (female) Stigma = Sticky place for pollen to attach Style = Where pollen nuclei travels to reach the egg Ovary = Where egg is located</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main organs of a complete flower?

<p>Sepals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a complete flower and an incomplete flower?

<p>A complete flower has all four parts, including sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils, while an incomplete flower lacks one or more of these parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vegetative reproduction?

<p>Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction where a new plant grows from parts of an existing plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of vegetative reproduction?

<p>Some examples of vegetative reproduction include strawberry runners, potato eyes and buds, corms, and bulbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vegetative reproduction is a process that involves the union of male and female gametes.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asexual reproduction creates offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clones lack genetic diversity, making them more susceptible to diseases and less adaptable to changes in the environment.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is artificial propagation?

<p>Artificial propagation is a method of producing new plants from selected parts of existing plants through techniques like grafting, cuttings, or layering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Artificial propagation can produce plants that are genetically identical to the parent plant.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a higher number of chromosomes typically indicate?

<p>A higher number of chromosomes typically indicates greater complexity in the organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does "n" mean in regards to chromosomes?

<p>In genetics, &quot;n&quot; represents the haploid number of chromosomes, which is half the total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these animals are oviparous? (Select all that apply)

<p>Clownfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

During sexual reproduction, a haploid 1 unites with a haploid 2 cell to form a diploid. In humans, the chromosomes of the ______ have 3 and the ______ 4. After fertilization, the combined ______ and ______ known as 5 contain two sets of chromosomes 6. It later grows and develops to be 7.

Signup and view all the answers

What is the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts?

<p>Physiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced from their parent or parents?

<p>Reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Greek word for 'shape, form'?

<p>Morph</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of reproduction?

<p>Sexual and Asexual</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

<p>The involvement of gametes (sperm and egg cells).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproduction results in offspring that are identical to the parent?

<p>Asexual</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of asexual reproduction involves a single organisms splitting into two identical organisms?

<p>Binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of asexual reproduction involves a new organism developing from a small part of the parent's body?

<p>Budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of asexual reproduction involves a part of an organism breaking off and growing into a new individual?

<p>Fragmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a new plant grows from parts of an existing plant?

<p>Vegetative Reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vegetative reproduction is a form of sexual reproduction.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asexual reproduction creates offspring that are genetically diverse.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a stem that grows horizontally above the ground and produces buds at its nodes?

<p>Runner</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for underground storage structures that are shortened stems enclosed with fleshy, layered leaves?

<p>Bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for underground growths that produce new plants from stems or growing points called eyes?

<p>Tuber</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for stems that grow sideways along with the soil or just below the surface and produce new points of growth?

<p>Rhizome</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a form of asexual reproduction in which a female gamete develops into a new individual without fertilization from a male gamete?

<p>Parthenogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oviparous animals are those that give birth to live young.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals are oviparous?

<p>Turtle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cell that is formed by the union of a sperm cell and an egg cell?

<p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process that describes the development of new individuals from the cells of a single parent?

<p>Asexual Reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of a flower that has all four organs: sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils?

<p>Complete flower</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of a flower lacking one or more of the four organs? .

<p>Incomplete flower</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the sticky place on a flower where pollen attaches?

<p>Stigma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the part of the flower where the egg is located?

<p>Ovary</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the stalk that supports the anther?

<p>Filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process that involves the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma?

<p>Pollination</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process that involves the fusion of a sperm cell with an egg cell?

<p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of vegetative reproduction?

<p>Onion bulbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Artificial propagation is a form of asexual reproduction in plants.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Artificial propagation is a natural process.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Reproduction in Animals and Plants

  • Reproduction is the biological process by which new organisms are created from their parent(s).
  • Morphology is the study of the form and structure of organisms, while physiology deals with their functions.
  • Animal and plant reproduction varies based on complexity of morphology and physiology.
  • Different types of reproduction exist in the animal kingdom, including asexual and sexual reproduction.

Asexual Reproduction

  • Asexual reproduction happens when a single parent produces offspring genetically identical to itself.
  • It does not involve the union of gametes (sperm and egg).
  • Asexual reproduction methods include:
    • Fragmentation: An organism breaks into pieces, each developing into a new organism.
    • Binary Fission: A cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
    • Budding: A new organism develops from a small outgrowth of the parent.
    • Sporulation: Specialized cells, called spores, develop into new organisms.
    • Parthenogenesis: An egg develops into a new organism without fertilization.

Sexual Reproduction

  • Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg) to create a zygote.
  • This results in genetically diverse offspring, different from both parents.
  • The processes of fertilization and gametogenesis lead to a new organism.

Types of Animal Reproduction

  • Oviparous: Animals lay eggs.
    • Embryonic development occurs outside the mother's body.
  • Viviparous: Animals give birth to live young.
    • Embryonic development occurs within the mother's body.
  • Examples of various reproduction types are provided in images found in the document. Important examples like different types of binary fission are also explained.

Types of Plant Reproduction

  • Plants reproduce both sexually and asexually.
  • Sexual reproduction in plants, typically involves flowers.
    • The flower has parts like:
      • Petals/Sepals: To attract insects.
      • Stamen (male): Produces pollen.
      • Pistil (female): Receives pollen, forms seeds.
  • Incomplete flowers lack one or more of these parts.
  • Complete flowers have all four parts.

Modifications in Flowers

  • Complete Flowers: Have all four flower organs.
  • Incomplete Flowers: Lack one or more of the four flower organs.

Vegetative Reproduction

  • A form of asexual reproduction in plants where new plants grow from parts of an existing plant.
  • Common methods include:
    • Runners: Stems that grow horizontally above the ground producing new plants.
    • Tubers: Underground stems containing buds for new plants.
    • Bulbs: Shortened underground stems with stored food and leaves.
    • Corms: Modified stems with stored food.
    • Rhizomes: Modified stems that grow horizontally underground.
  • Artificial propagation- methods used to reproduce a plant. There are specific steps involved for each case; as seen in the documents.

Chromosomes and Reproduction

  • Different species have different numbers of chromosomes in their cells. The numbers vary between animals and plants depending on the species.

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Reproduction In Animals & Plants PDF

Description

Explore the fascinating world of reproduction in both animals and plants. This quiz covers the biological processes of asexual and sexual reproduction, including various methods such as fragmentation and binary fission. Understand the complexity of morphology and physiology as they relate to reproductive strategies.

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